用法学习: 1. double-barrelled = US double-barreled I. 双管的. A double-barrelled gun has two barrels. ...a double-barrelled shotgun. II. A double-barrelled surname has two parts which are joined by a hyphen, for example ' Miss J. Heydon-Smith'. III. Double-barrelled is used to describe something such as a plan which has two main parts. The company announced a double-barreled investment and management-compensation plan. double-acting I. (of a reciprocating engine or pump) having a piston or pistons that are pressurized alternately on opposite sides. single-acting. II. (of a hinge, door, etc) having complementary actions in opposed directions. A double acting door 双向开的门, also known as a double swinging door or impact traffic door, is a single door or a pair of doors in which the door(s) is able to swing in both directions. A double-acting door is one that swings in and out, often used in high-traffic locations like a restaurant kitchen. wiki: A single-acting cylinder in a reciprocating engine is a cylinder in which the working fluid acts on one side of the piston 活塞 only. A single-acting cylinder relies on the load, springs, other cylinders, or the momentum of a flywheel, to push the piston back in the other direction. Single-acting cylinders are found in most kinds of reciprocating engine. They are almost universal in internal combustion engines 内燃引擎 (e.g. petrol and diesel engines) and are also used in many external combustion engines such as Stirling engines and some steam engines. They are also found in pumps and hydraulic rams. A two-stroke (or two-cycle) engine 双冲程 is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle with two strokes (up and down movements) of the piston during only one crankshaft revolution. This is in contrast to a "four-stroke engine", which requires four strokes of the piston to complete a power cycle during two crankshaft revolutions. In a two-stroke engine, the end of the combustion stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke happen simultaneously, with the intake and exhaust (or scavenging) functions occurring at the same time. Two-stroke engines often have a high power-to-weight ratio, power being available in a narrow range of rotational speeds called the "power band". Compared to four-stroke engines, two-stroke engines have a greatly reduced number of moving parts. 2. Anteater [ˈantiːtə] 食蚁兽 is a common name for the four extant mammal species of the suborder Vermilingua (meaning "worm tongue") commonly known for eating ants and termites. The individual species have other names in English and other languages. Together with the sloths, they are within the order Pilosa. The name "anteater" is also colloquially applied to the unrelated aardvark, numbat, echidnas, pangolins and some members of the Oecobiidae. Pangolins [paŋˈɡə(ʊ)lɪn] 穿山甲, or scaly anteaters, are mammals of the order Pholidota (from Ancient Greek φολῐ́ς, "horny scale"). Pangolins have large, protective keratin scales covering their skin; they are the only known mammals with this feature. They live in hollow trees or burrows, depending on the species. Pangolins are nocturnal, and their diet consists of mainly ants and termites, which they capture using their long tongues. They tend to be solitary animals, meeting only to mate and produce a litter of one to three offspring, which they raise for about two years. Echidnas ([ɪˈkɪdnə]) 针鼹yǎn, sometimes known as spiny anteaters, belong to the family Tachyglossidae in the monotreme order of egg-laying mammals. The four extant species of echidnas and the platypus are the only living mammals that lay eggs and the only surviving members of the order Monotremata. The diet of some species consists of ants and termites, but they are not closely related to the true anteaters of the Americas, which are xenarthrans, along with sloths and armadillos. Echidnas live in Australia and New Guinea. The echidnas are named after Echidna, a creature from Greek mythology who was half-woman, half-snake, as the animal was perceived to have qualities of both mammals and reptiles. Sloths [sloʊθ] or [sloθ] 树懒 of the present day are arboreal mammals noted for slowness of movement and for spending most of their lives hanging upside down in the trees of the tropical rain forests of South America and Central America. The six species are in two families: two-toed sloths and three-toed sloths. Despite this traditional naming, all sloths actually have three toes on each rear limb, although two-toed sloths have only two digits on each forelimb. The sloth is so named because of its very low metabolism and deliberate movements, sloth being related to the word slow. This supports their low-energy diet of leaves and avoids detection by predatory hawks and cats that hunt by sight. Sloths are almost helpless on the ground but are able to swim. The shaggy coat has grooved hair that is host to symbiotic green algae which camouflages the animal in the trees and provides it nutrients. The algae also nourishes sloth moths, some species of which exist solely on sloths. 3. forlorn [fərˈlɔrn] I. If someone is forlorn, they feel alone and unhappy. One of the demonstrators, a young woman, sat forlorn on the pavement. He looked a forlorn figure as he limped off after 26 minutes. A Dutch newspaper photographed the president waiting forlornly in the rain. II. If a place is forlorn, it is deserted and not cared for, or has little in it. They headed inland on a forlorn road that was rutted and pocked. The once glorious palaces stood empty and forlorn. It is stranded somewhat forlornly in the middle of the plain. III. A forlorn hope or attempt 徒劳的, 徒劳无功的 is one that you think has no chance of success. Peasants have left the land in the forlorn hope of finding a better life in cities. ...a forlorn effort to keep from losing my mind. His father forlornly hoped someone might have seen them. floozy = flusy [ˈfluːzi] noun. a usually young woman of loose morals. a girl or a woman who has many casual sexual encounters or relationships. "they were attacked for canoodling with floozies in nightclubs". If someone refers to a woman as a floozy, they disapprove of her because she has many casual sexual relationships. Sorry to disturb you 打搅你, 打扰你.
抢购 snap up sth; raid up sth. a run on sth. scare buy = panic buy; stampede into a place; throng to = flock to = crowd into a place: 1. a run on something I. a situation in which a lot of people want to buy something at the same time. As managing director of five fuel, food and grocery outlets across the state, he found himself calling 15 different suppliers when there was a run on eggs. There's always a run on sunglasses 抢着买, 抢购, 销售高峰 at this time of year. The contamination sparked a run on bottled water by panicked residents. Later on there'll be a run on clothes, too. II. a time when a lot of people take their money out of a bank at the same time. III. a situation in which a lot of people sell a particular currency (=dollars, pounds, yen etc) with the result that its value falls. run on something or someone in the sense of dwell on My thoughts ran on my losses. 2. snap up 抢购, 迅速拿下 To buy quickly, usually because the item is a bargain or in short supply or something one has been searching for. When I saw the penny black missing from my collection in the shop window, I just went in and snapped it up. The treasures were snapped up by collectors at high prices. snap up用例: a. RESERVE Bank documents released last week under Freedom of Information
laws indicate as many as 34 central banks around the world, from
Kazakhstan to Peru, have been snapping up Australian securities to bolster their foreign exchange reserves. The documents also show foreign government demand for Australian assets has underpinned ( I. (transitive) To support from below with props or masonry. You should underpin the mine roof to prevent further collapse. II. (transitive, figuratively) To give support to; to corroborate. Public confidence in politicians must underpin our democracy. ) the Australian dollar's value, which the Reserve Bank said was between 4 to 15 per cent higher than it should be. b. Shoppers crowded into downtown stores, snapping up once-rationed consumer goods. 3. Trina would arrive breathless from her raids upon the bargain counters. There was a great scurry ( verb. I. to move fast with small quick steps. To go with light running steps; scamper. When people or small animals scurry somewhere, they move there quickly and hurriedly, especially because they are frightened. The attack began, sending residents scurrying for cover. [+ for] The rats scurry around, searching for scraps of food in the rubbish. scurry about/around/off etc.: They were scurrying around like ants. II. To flurry or swirl about. III. to hurry to do something or to get something. If people scurry to do something, they do it as soon as they can. Pictures of starving children have sent many people scurrying to donate money. The animals scurried for shelter.) for bargains. Companies, dreaming of similar leaps in sales through the new medium, rushed to buy commercial time. Late last year, three Chinese shoppers trampled to death in a supermarket scuffle over ( I. To fight or struggle confusedly at close quarters. If people scuffle 混战, 乱成一团, 乱成一锅粥 they fight for a short time in a disorganized way. Police scuffled with some of the protesters. He and Hannah had been scuffling in the yard outside his house. II. To shuffle. scuffle with someone 蜂拥着, 争着抢着 to struggle or have a fight with someone. The
two prisoners scuffled with each other a little till a guard came along
and saw them. The cowboys scuffled with the deputies when they came out
of the saloon. noun. A scuffle is a short, disorganized fight or struggle. Violent scuffles broke out between rival groups demonstrating for and against independence. ) cooking oil. 4. There's a great demand for our new product. There's been a big rush for it lately. He spent a lot of money in the Christmas rush 疯狂采购, 大采购. 5. In SARS period, a few day's panic buying emptied the shelves. A dejected woman in the crowd who scare buy (=panic buy) new share. If there are any bargains going, she'll snap them up 迅速拿下. 6. Spiraling 扶摇而上, 扶摇直上 food prices have already triggered stampedes ( [stæm'pi:d] I. headlong rush of a crowd. 蜂拥而至 a stampede of shoppers. II. an impulsive headlong rush of startled cattle or horses. II. A mass impulsive action: a stampede of support for the candidate. stampede in(to some place) [for a crowd of people or other creatures] to move rapidly into a place, as if in panic. The shoppers stampeded into the store the minute the doors opened. The doors opened and the shoppers stampeded in. stampede out of some place [for a crowd of people or other creatures] to move rapidly out of a place, as if in panic. The patrons stampeded out of the smoky theater. The cattle stampeded out of the corral. ) at supermarkets for discounted goods. 7. People thronged to蜂拥 buy the new computer game. Still, despite the warnings, young Beijingers are flocking to 蜂拥 shops to pick up the cosmetic lenses. A crowd of housewives crowded into the store when the goods were on sale. At this moment, we must keep rational and not be involved in the stamped of buying. Rumor spread the prices would go up, many people stampeded into a wave of panic buying. He plumped his money down ( plump something down I. to drop a heavy load of something. She plumped the load of groceries onto the bench and looked through her purse for the keys. Jill plumped down her packages. II. to drop something as if it were a heavy load. He plumped the potatoes down on each plate, making a loud noise each time. Dave plumped down a huge slab of meat onto the grill.) to secure one of the few remaining tickets.
Ted Kaczynski: Theodore John Kaczynski ([kəˈzɪnski]; born May 22, 1942), also known as the Unabomber ([ˈjuːnəbɒmər]), is an American domestic terrorist, anarchist, and former mathematics professor. He was a mathematics prodigy 天才, but he abandoned his academic career in 1969 to pursue a more primitive 原始的生活, 原生态的生活方式 lifestyle. Between 1978 and 1995, he killed three people and injured 23 others in an attempt to start a revolution by conducting a nationwide bombing campaign targeting people involved with modern technology. Theodore John Kaczynski was born on May 22, 1942, in Chicago, Illinois, to working-class, second-generation Polish Americans, Wanda Theresa (née Dombek) and Theodore Richard Kaczynski, a sausage maker. His parents told his younger brother, David Kaczynski, that Ted had been a happy baby until severe hives forced him into hospital isolation with limited contact with others, after which he "showed little emotion for months". Wanda recalled Ted recoiling 退缩, 抽缩 from a picture of himself as an infant being held down by physicians examining his hives (荨麻疹). She said he showed sympathy to animals who were in cages or otherwise helpless, which she speculated stemmed from his experience in hospital isolation. From first to fourth grade, Kaczynski attended Sherman Elementary School in Chicago, where administrators described him as "healthy" and "well-adjusted". In 1952, three years after David was born, the family moved to southwest suburban Evergreen Park, Illinois; Ted transferred to Evergreen Park Central Junior High School. After testing scored his IQ at 167, he skipped the sixth grade. Kaczynski later described this as a pivotal event 转折性的: previously he had socialized with his peers and was even a leader, but after skipping ahead he felt he did not fit in with the older children and was bullied. In 1996, a former classmate said: "He was never really seen as a person, as an individual personality ... He was always regarded as a walking brain, so to speak." During this period, Kaczynski became intensely interested in mathematics, spending hours studying and solving advanced problems. He became associated with 打交道, 认识 a group of likeminded boys interested in science and mathematics, known as the "briefcase boys" for their penchant for carrying briefcases. One member of this group recalled Kaczynski as "the smartest kid in the class ... just quiet and shy until you got to know him. Once he knew you, he could talk and talk." Throughout high school, Kaczynski was ahead of his classmates academically. Placed in a more advanced mathematics class, he soon mastered the material. He skipped the eleventh grade, and by attending summer school he graduated at age 15. He was one of his school's five National Merit finalists, and was encouraged to apply to Harvard College. He entered Harvard on a scholarship in 1958 at the age of 16. A classmate later said that Kaczynski was emotionally unprepared: "They packed him up and sent him to Harvard before he was ready ... He didn't even have a driver's license." During his first year at Harvard, Kaczynski lived at 8 Prescott Street, which was designed to accommodate the youngest, most precocious freshmen in a small, intimate living space. For the next three years he lived at Eliot House. One of his suitemates there recalled that he avoided contact with others and "would just rush through the suite, go into his room, and slam the door." Another said Kaczynski was reserved, but regarded him as a genius: "It's just an opinion – but Ted was brilliant." Other students stated Kaczynski was less socially averse than these descriptions imply; an Eliot House resident who dined with Kaczynski at times called him "very quiet, but personable ... He would enter into the discussions maybe a little less so than most [but] he was certainly friendly." Kaczynski earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics from Harvard in 1962. He finished with a 3.12 GPA, but had been expected to perform better. As a sophomore, Kaczynski participated in a study described by author Alston Chase as a "purposely 故意的, 特意的 brutalizing psychological experiment" led by Harvard psychologist Henry Murray. Subjects were told they would be debating personal philosophy with a fellow student, and were asked to write essays detailing their personal beliefs and aspirations. The essays were turned over to an anonymous attorney, who in a later session would confront and belittle the subject – making "vehement, sweeping, and personally abusive" attacks – using the content of the essays as ammunition, while electrodes monitored the subject's physiological reactions. These encounters were filmed, and subjects' expressions of anger and rage were later played back to them repeatedly. The experiment lasted three years, with someone verbally abusing and humiliating Kaczynski each week. Kaczynski spent 200 hours as part of the study. Kaczynski's lawyers later attributed his hostility towards mind control techniques to his participation in Murray's study. Neighbors in Evergreen Park later described the Kaczynski family as "civic-minded folks", with one stating that the parents "sacrificed everything they had for their children". Both Ted and David were intelligent, but Ted stood out in particular. One neighbor said she had "never known anyone who had a brain like he did", while another said that Ted was "strictly a loner" who "didn't play ... an old man before his time." His mother recalled Ted as a shy child who would become unresponsive if pressured into a social situation. At one point she was so worried about Ted's social development that she considered entering him in a study for autistic children led by Bruno Bettelheim. She decided against it after observing Bettelheim's abrupt and cold manner. In 1990, Ted's father Theodore, suffering from terminal cancer, committed suicide. In 1971, Kaczynski moved to a remote cabin without electricity or running water near Lincoln, Montana, where he lived as a recluse 隐士 while learning survival skills in an attempt to become self-sufficient. He witnessed the destruction of the wilderness surrounding his cabin and concluded that living in nature was untenable ( An argument, theory, or position that is untenable cannot be defended successfully against criticism or attack. This argument is untenable from an intellectual, moral and practical standpoint. He claimed the charges against him were untenable. a. 难以为继的. impossible to continue because of serious problems, opposition, or criticism. She left, saying her job had become untenable. b. 难以抗争的. impossible to defend as fair, appropriate, or true. Their actions are untenable.); he began his bombing campaign in 1978. In 1979, an FBI-led task force 工作组, 特别行动队 that included 125 agents from the FBI, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), and U.S. Postal Inspection Service was formed. The task force grew to more than 150 full-time personnel, but minute analysis of recovered components of the bombs and the investigation into the lives of the victims proved of little use in identifying the suspect, who built his bombs primarily from scrap materials available almost anywhere. The victims, investigators later learned, were chosen irregularly from library research. Before the publication of Industrial Society and Its Future, Ted's brother, David Kaczynski, was encouraged by his wife to follow up on suspicions that Ted was the Unabomber. David was dismissive at first, but he began to take the likelihood more seriously after reading the manifesto a week after it was published in September 1995. He searched through old family papers and found letters dating to the 1970s that Ted had sent to newspapers to protest the abuses of technology using phrasing similar to the manifesto. David later hired Washington, D.C. attorney Tony Bisceglie to organize the evidence acquired by Swanson and make contact with the FBI, given the presumed difficulty of attracting the FBI's attention. David wanted to protect his brother from the danger of an FBI raid, such as the Ruby Ridge or the Waco Siege, since he feared a violent outcome from any attempt by the FBI to contact his brother. In February 1996, Bisceglie gave a copy of the 1971 essay written by Ted Kaczynski to Molly Flynn at the FBI. She forwarded the essay to the San Francisco-based task force. FBI Profiler James R. Fitzgerald recognized similarities in the writings using linguistic analysis and determined that the author of the essays and the manifesto were almost certainly the same. Combined with facts gleaned 收集到的 from the bombings and Kaczynski's life, the analysis provided the basis for a search warrant signed by Terry Turchie, the head of the entire investigation. David Kaczynski had tried to remain anonymous, but he was soon identified, and within a few days an FBI agent team was dispatched to interview David and his wife with their attorney in Washington, D.C. At this and subsequent meetings, David provided letters written by his brother in their original envelopes, allowing the FBI task force to use the postmark dates to add more detail to their timeline of Ted's activities. David developed a respectful relationship with behavioral analysis Special Agent Kathleen M. Puckett, whom he met many times in Washington, D.C., Texas, Chicago, and Schenectady, New York, over the nearly two months before the federal search warrant was served on Kaczynski's cabin. David had once admired and emulated his older brother but later decided to leave the survivalist lifestyle behind. He had received assurances from the FBI that he would remain anonymous and that his brother would not learn who had turned him in, but his identity was leaked to CBS News in early April 1996. CBS anchorman Dan Rather called FBI director Louis Freeh, who requested 24 hours before CBS broke the story on the evening news. The FBI scrambled to finish the search warrant and have it issued by a federal judge in Montana; afterwards, an internal leak investigation was conducted by the FBI, but the source of the leak was never identified. FBI officials were not unanimous in identifying Ted as the author of the manifesto. The search warrant noted that numerous experts believed the manifesto had been written by another individual.
