Wednesday, 15 April 2020

spiked/laced/tainted/doped, doctored; comic VS comedic; confirmation bias;

用法学习: 1. 昆州租房新政 - Landlords should oppose Queensland Government's planned protections for COVID-19 tenants, says REIQ: The measures, announced by Queensland Housing Minister Mick de Brenni last week, included a six-month freeze on evictions, a waiver on rental payments, and a ban on non-essential inspections and maintenance. Ms Mercorella said it appeared the Queensland Government was "going down a very unique route" with the way it was responding to the issue. "We knew that an eviction moratorium ( [ˌmɔrəˈtɔriəm] an official agreement to stop an activity temporarily. A moratorium on a particular activity or process is the stopping of it for a fixed period of time, usually as a result of an official agreement. ...a moratorium on talking to the press until the dispute is settled. ) was being proposed — the Federal Government told us that many weeks ago," she said. "We also understood the key principle was to ensure that tenants who were being financially impacted by COVID-19 would not be booted from their homes, and that if they could not afford to pay full rent, that they could negotiate reductions — and just to be really clear, we supported that model and that framework." 2. stipend [ˈstʌɪpɛnd] 固定工资 a fixed regular sum paid as a salary or as expenses to a clergyman, teacher, or public official. money paid regularly to someone, especially a priest. A stipend is a sum of money that is paid regularly, especially to a magistrate or a member of the clergy, as a salary or for their living expenses. 3. milieu US [milˈju] UK [ˈmiːljɜ] 社交圈子, 朋友圈子 noun. the particular people and society that surround you and influence the way in which you behave. Your milieu is the group of people or activities that you live among or are familiar with. They stayed, safe and happy, within their own social milieu. His natural milieu is that of the arts. the particular people and society that surround you and influence the way in which you behave. the people, physical, and social conditions and events that provide the environment in which someone acts or lives: It is a study of the social and cultural milieu in which Michelangelo lived and worked. Proust's work reflected his own social and cultural milieu. She never felt happy in a student milieu. 3. midstream 半路, 中途, 到一半 ​noun & adv I. the middle part of a river, where the current is usually the strongest. Someone or something that is in midstream is in the middle of a river, where the current is strongest. Their boat had capsized in midstream. Some of them got caught midstream by the tide. II. 话说到一半. If someone who has been doing something such as talking stops or pauses in midstream, they stop doing it, often before continuing. I was cut off in midstream. The most difficult thing in a fast game of rugby is to change course midstream (adv) 中途转向. I tried to say take it easy, then changed to have a good one midstream. That's why it came out as take it good one. in midstream 正当时 in the middle of doing something. Try not to interrupt the speaker in midstream. change horses in midstream 半路换帅, 中途换马 to change your mind about something in the middle of doing it. unattainable 得不到的, 实现不了的 impossible to achieve or obtain. If you say that something is unattainable, you mean that it cannot be achieved or is not available. There are those who argue that true independent advice is unattainable. ...an unattainable 无法实现的 dream. That story make me seem charmingly flawed and unattainable. attain I. to succeed at achieving something, especially after much effort. Not all athletes attain this standard of physical fitness. If you attain something, you gain it or achieve it, often after a lot of effort. Jim is halfway to attaining his pilot's licence. If you attain a particular state or condition, you may reach it as a result of natural development or work hard to attain this state. ...attaining a state of 达到某种状态, 达到某种心境 calmness and confidence. II. to reach a particular age, amount, or level. On attaining the age of 20 达到 she will inherit the remainder of the estate. The adult female attains a length of four inches. charade US [ʃəˈreɪd] UK [ʃəˈrɑːd] I. 假象. an attempt to pretend that a situation is good or satisfactory, when in fact it is not. I wish they'd drop this pathetic charade of pretending nothing's the matter. The election was condemned as "an empty charade." If you describe someone's actions as a charade, you mean that their actions are so obviously false that they do not convince anyone. I wondered why he had gone through the elaborate charade. The U.N. at the moment is still trying to maintain the charade of neutrality. II. Charades is a game for teams of players in which one team acts a word or phrase, syllable by syllable, until other players guess the whole word or phrase. She and her three brothers played charades. facade I. the front of a building, especially one that is large or impressive. II. a false appearance or way of behaving that hides what someone or something is really like. All that jollity is just a facade 假象, 表象. A facade is an outward appearance which is deliberately false and gives you a wrong impression about someone or something. They hid the troubles plaguing their marriage behind a facade of family togetherness. 4. You're a trip it's essentially a slang phrase that friends may say to each other- "you're such a trip!" meaning "You're crazy!" (crazy in this context meaning funny). Meaning you are funny, amusing, and abnormal in a positive way. A comparison of the positives of a trip such as the adventure, fun, memories, and being taken away from your comfort zone. Oh my goodness Cameron! You're a trip. She seems like a trip. She keeps dropping things on purpose so she has to bend over and pick 'em up. Oh yuck, shield you eyes 合上眼, 挡住眼, 别看她. You are a hoot: A hoot is defined as someone or something that is funny and entertaining. An example of a hoot is a child who tells silly jokes. The definition of a hoot is defined as not much, the littlest bit. An example of a hoot is the expression, "I don't give a hoot." Hoot means the sound of an owl or a similar tone. radiator 暖气片 [ˈreɪdiˌeɪtər] I. a large metal object on a wall that is used for heating a room. A radiator is a hollow metal device, usually connected by pipes to a central heating system, that is used to heat a room. II. 散热器. the part of an engine that keeps it from getting too hot.The radiator in a car is the part of the engine which is filled with water in order to cool the engine. a hard/tough act to follow 难以超越 someone or something that has been so successful that it is very difficult for the person or thing coming next to be as good. to be so good that it is not likely that anyone or anything that comes after will be as good: His presidency was very successful - it'll be a hard act to follow. Yesterday's thrilling victory will be a tough act to follow. get/have one's way = get/have one's own way 想干什么都行, 想干什么就干什么 If someone gets their way or has their way, nobody stops them doing what they want to do. You can also say that someone gets their own way or has their own way. She is very good at using her charm to get her way. 5. counter-intuitive 违背常理的, 违背常规的, 非常规的, 不合常规的 counter to what intuition would lead one to expect. Contrary to what intuition or common sense would indicate: "Scientists made clear what may at first seem counterintuitive, that the capacity to be pleasant toward a fellow creature is ... hard work" (Natalie Angier). wiki: Counterintuitive means contrary to what seems intuitively right or correct. A counterintuitive proposition is one that does not seem likely to be true when assessed using intuition or gut feelings. Scientifically discovered, objective truths 客观事实 are often called counterintuitive when intuition, emotions, and other cognitive processes 认知过程 outside of deductive rationality interpret them to be wrong. However, the subjective nature of intuition limits the objectivity of what to call counterintuitive because what is counter-intuitive for one may be intuitive for another. This might occur in instances where intuition changes with knowledge. For instance, many aspects of quantum mechanics may sound counterintuitive to a layman, while they may be intuitive to a particle physicist. Flawed understanding of a problem may lead to counter-productive behavior with undesirable outcomes. In some such cases, counterintuitive policies may then produce a more desirable outcome. 6. jolly [ˈdʒɑli] 乐呵呵的, 笑嘻嘻的 I. friendly and cheerful. Someone who is jolly is happy and cheerful in their appearance or behaviour. She was a jolly, kindhearted woman. Her teacher was a jolly lady. II. ​old-fashioned lively and enjoyable. A jolly event is lively and enjoyable. I was looking forward to a jolly party. She had a very jolly time in Korea. a jolly conversation. III. Jolly is sometimes used to emphasize an adjective or adverb. She was jolly good at jigsaws. It was jolly hard work, but I loved it. jolly well Jolly well is sometimes used to emphasize an opinion or intention, and to express annoyance or anger. We can hardly just tell him what we jolly well think of him can we? She was jolly well not going to let them get away with it. jollity  [ˈdʒɑləti] the state or feeling of being happy. ...the singing and jollity of the celebration. furtive [ˈfɜrtɪv] 偷偷的 done quickly and secretly to avoid being noticed. If you describe someone's behaviour as furtive, you disapprove of them behaving as if they want to keep something secret or hidden. With a furtive glance over 偷瞄 her shoulder, she unlocked the door and entered the house. He walked towards the summerhouse, at first furtively 偷偷摸摸的, then with more confidence. a furtive glance. I slept with a quaterback once in High school. Oh yeah, how was that. Furtive. escape plan 借口 a plan for escaping from a place. Some of his fellow inmates have an escape plan. In a minute, I'm going to get a phone call. I arranged for a phone call in case I needed a escape plan. 8. Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or strengthens one's prior personal beliefs or hypotheses. It is a type of cognitive bias. People display this bias when they gather or remember information selectively, or when they interpret it in a biased way. The effect is stronger for desired outcomes, for emotionally charged issues, and for deeply entrenched beliefs. People also tend to interpret ambiguous evidence as supporting their existing position. Biased search, interpretation and memory have been invoked to explain attitude polarization (when a disagreement becomes more extreme even though the different parties are exposed to the same evidence), belief perseverance (when beliefs persist after the evidence for them is shown to be false), the irrational primacy effect (a greater reliance on information encountered early in a series) and illusory correlation (when people falsely perceive an association between two events or situations). 9. negative Nancy A person who is considered excessively and disagreeably pessimistic. a word used to describe someone who is a total downer to be around. "quit being such a negative nancy. you're bringing me down." Shakshuka (中东食物 Shakshouka is a dish of eggs poached in a sauce of tomatoes, olive oil, peppers, onion and garlic, and commonly spiced with cumin, paprika, cayenne pepper and nutmeg. The dish has existed in Mediterranean cultures for centuries.) doesn't keep very well 放放就不好吃了, 不能长放. cabal [kə'bæl] 秘密集团 If you refer to a group of politicians or other people as a cabal, you are criticizing them because they meet and decide things secretly. He had been chosen by a cabal of fellow senators. ...a secret government cabal. a small group of people who secretly work together to get power for themselves. on the hook (idiomatic, often followed by for) in a dangerous or difficult situation. In debt; obligated to pay or provide; liable; responsible or blamed. My roommate hasn't paid his rent for two months, now I'm on the hook for it 成我的责任了. off the hook I. If you leave the phone off the hook, you do not put it back correctly and it will not ring. II. If you are off the hook, you have escaped from a difficult situation: John's agreed to go to the meeting in my place so that gets/lets me off the hook. superlative [sʊˈpɜrlətɪv] 最高级的 adj. I. If you describe something as superlative, you mean that it is extremely good. ​extremely good. a superlative performance. Some superlative cheeses are made in this region.  The Regent hotel has a superlative view of Hong Kong island. II. In grammar, the superlative form of an adjective or adverb is the form that indicates that something has more of a quality than anything else in a group. For example, ' biggest' is the superlative form of 'big'. Compare comparative. Superlative is also a noun. ...his tendency towards superlatives and exaggeration. noun. If someone uses superlatives to describe something, they use adjectives and expressions which indicate that it is extremely good. ...a spectacle which has critics world-wide reaching for superlatives. bon mot [bɒn moʊ] 俏皮话 A bon mot is a clever, witty remark. ...a cheeky bon mot. a funny clever remark. live for something to enjoy something more than anything else that you do: My son lives for sports. living proof 活证据, 活着的证明, 活生生的例子 If you say that someone is living proof of something, you mean that their actions or personal qualities show that a particular fact is true or that a particular quality exists. He is living proof that some players just get better with age. the living worst 活着的最烂的. How was you day? I don't know, fine, inarticulably 难以言说的, 说不出来的 (Not articulable; incapable of being articulated. unspeakable thing 说不出口的事情. inarticulate 不善言辞的 adj. If someone is inarticulate, they are unable to express themselves easily or well in speech. Inarticulate and rather shy, he had always dreaded speaking in public. Kempton made an inarticulate noise at the back of his throat as if he were about to choke) grim? How is everything? Everything is fine, can we just trouble you for some silverware and water please? gorilla [ɡəˈrɪlə] 大猩猩. guerilla = guerrilla [ɡəˈrɪlə] I. 游击队员. a member of a military group that is not official and usually wants to change a political situation. Their main method is to make unexpected attacks in small groups. II. ​only before noun using unexpected methods of attack to surprise the enemy. guerrilla groups/fighters/leaders. guerrilla warfare 游击战: The enemy avoided direct confrontation and concentrated on guerrilla warfare.

 Donald Trump has lost his coronavirus approval polling bump ( approval rating 认可度, 认可率). That may explain this week's antics: In a week when 2,500 Americans are dying every day from COVID-19, US President Donald Trump has launched his plan for ending the nationwide lockdowns. The branding king has also given the strategy a catchy title with familiar cadence (cadence [keɪdəns] I. The cadence of someone's voice 韵律, 抑扬顿挫 is the way their voice gets higher and lower as they speak. the way in which someone's voice gets higher or lower as they speak, especially the fall of their voice at the end of a sentence. He recognized the Polish cadences 调调儿 in her voice.  He is not attempting necessarily to reproduce the cadence of speech. II. A cadence is the phrase that ends a section of music or a complete piece of music. III. how often a scheduled thing happens. Feedback and discussing performance needs to happen with a regular cadence 经常性.): Opening Up America Again. "We'll be the comeback kids 杀回来, all of us," Trump said this week. Right now, the number of daily deaths is horrific. But, looking at the data, the US President may be right about America being "past the peak" of new coronavirus cases. Nationwide, the number of new infections and intensive care admissions is declining. The number of daily deaths has flattened, albeit at a devastating level. For now, there are enough ventilators to go around, frontline health workers are getting more access to protective equipment and the temporary hospitals set up in COVID-19 hotspots are nowhere near capacity 饱和. The frenzied early days of this rolling calamity have morphed into 蜕变为 a grimly ( grim I. grim news, situations, or events are unpleasant and make you feel upset and worried. The future looks pretty grim. the grim reality of unemployment. A situation or piece of information that is grim is unpleasant, depressing, and difficult to accept. They painted a grim picture of growing crime. There was further grim economic news yesterday. The mood could not have been grimmer. ...an unrelenting grimness of tone. II. very serious and unfriendly. If a person or their behaviour is grim, they are very serious, usually because they are worried about something. She was a grim woman with a turned-down mouth. Her expression was grim and unpleasant. 'It's too late now to stop him,' Harris said grimly. His face was set in a grim expression. a. angry and pleased about something at the same time. "Exactly what I expected," he said with grim satisfaction. b. very determined to do something. a grim determination to do God's will. III. a grim place is ugly and unpleasant. A place that is grim is unattractive and depressing in appearance. The city might be grim at first, but there is a vibrancy and excitement. ...the tower blocks on the city's grim edges. The house was lonely and rather grim. IV. mainly British​ informal not very enjoyable, usually because it is of bad quality. The game was a bit grim. V. ​informal sick I started to feel grim about an hour after lunch. hold on like grim death to hold something very tightly. paint​/​draw​/​present a grim picture to describe a situation in a way that shows how bad it is. The report paints a grim picture of children's homes. ) calm rhythm of morbidity. Now a new, more hopeful phase is beginning and the President is doing everything possible to put himself at the centre of it. He's promising "new heights of greatness and glory" for America. At first glance, the cautious, data-driven 靠数据支撑的 approach to opening up the economy makes sense. It's a far cry from what Mr Trump was proposing a few weeks ago when he spoke of "packed churches" on Easter. It's a three-phase plan, to be carried out on a "community-by-community, city-by-city, state-by-state" basis. If a region can show the number of infections have been declining for 14 days and its healthcare facilities are running smoothly, it can move on to the next phase. If infections rise, restrictions are put in place again. Trump reportedly suggested some states, like Montana, Wyoming and North Dakota, could move to phase one "literally tomorrow because they've met all the guidelines 满足了所有条件". The continued rapid expansion of testing, which remains inadequate in many hotspots, will be crucial to the success of the strategy. Importantly, the onus ( [oʊnəs] If you say that the onus is on someone to do something, you mean it is their duty or responsibility to do it. If you ordered something, then the onus is on you to pay for it. The onus of proof is reversed in libel actions and placed firmly on the defender. ) will be on individual governors to make the decisions that best suit their populations, with coordination and guidance from the Federal Government. If only such care and competence was available at the front end of the crisis, when governors of the worst-affected states had to make the tough decisions on their own while the Commander-in-Chief played down the risk. A month ago today, Trump released his strict guidelines for slowing the spread of COVID-19. By then, states like New York, California and Washington had already taken matters into their own hands. Still, in the days after his announcement, Trump's approval ratings got a noticeable bump. It's normal for voters the world over to rally around their leader in times of crisis. In the past month, presidents and prime ministers globally — including Scott Morrison — have seen a surge in support. In historical context, Trump's four-point bump was nothing to sing about 没什么好神气的, 没什么好骄傲的, 不是什么了不起的事. But even those small gains have since evaporated. RealClearPolitics shows approval of Trump's handling of the crisis rising steeply through March, then falling just as fast since the start of April. He tried to shift the narrative [ˈnærətɪv] 引导舆论, 改变舆论 by attacking the media. This week, the Commander-in-Chief started to look like a man under pressure, responding in the best way he knows how: by picking fights. At least when it comes to the blame-game, Mr Trump is ahead of the curve 领先所有人. On Monday, he ramped up his attack on the "fake news" media, using his daily crisis briefing from the White House to play a campaign style video to the millions who tuned in at home for the latest coronavirus information. Highly selective, it featured clips of journalists who "minimised the risks" contrasting against a timeline of the President's most decisive moments and complete with an inspiring sound track. By the White House's own measure 用他自己的话, 照他自己的说法 ( have/get/take the measure of sb/sth 算准了, 握在掌心, 看穿了, 看透了某人 to understand what someone or something is like and to know how to deal with him, her, or it: I don't think she's under any illusions about her husband - she has the measure of him. to understand what someone is really like so that you can decide how to deal with them or defeat them. She seems to have got the measure of the champion. measure somebody/something against somebody/something to judge someone or something by comparing them with another person or thing. Bridget did not think she had to measure herself against some ideal standard. Measured against our budget last year, $2.7 million seems small. ), the only action taken in that month was on February 6: "CDC ships first testing kits". Even to this day, the US continues to have major shortages of testing kits. Then he picked a fight with the WHO. He accused the United Nations body of "severely mismanaging and covering up the spread of the coronavirus" and promised to halt its funding while an investigation was conducted. The WHO hasn't covered itself in glory since the first signs of a possible pandemic. In mid-January, it publicly supported China's claims that human-to-human transmission had not been proven. Even now, the WHO remains unopposed to the reopening of China's so-called wet markets ( A wet market is a marketplace selling fresh meat, fish, produce, and other perishable goods as distinguished from "dry markets" that sell durable goods such as fabric and electronics. ), where the coronavirus is thought to have originated. But if the WHO is to blame for America's coronavirus woes, why does every other country on earth seem to be doing so much better than the US? After all, every country made its own decisions based on the same information from the WHO. Trump's doing what he does best: picking fights with his perceived enemies. But it's the WHO's opposition to travel bans that have upset Mr Trump the most. The President spent the better part of the week taunting 讥笑, 嘲讽, 嘲笑 state governors, claiming the Federal Government had "absolute power" to force them to lift social-distancing restrictions. "When somebody is the president of the United States, the authority is total," he told reporters in the West Wing on Monday. By Thursday, he had reverted to his original position, that it was up to the governors to decide what sort of social-distancing restrictions were right for their states. But for the better part of four days, Trump projected an image of a president fighting for ownership of the politically rewarding task of reopening the economy. His name will even be printed on the bailout cheques being sent to millions of Americans, the first time a president's name has appeared on an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) disbursement. It's quite a turnaround from four weeks ago when he said: "I don't take responsibility at all."

 磕了药的 drugged, 下了药的drugged, spiked/laced/tainted/doped, doctored. 下药的 dope one's drink, slip something into one's drink: 1. dope noun. I. [informal] Dope is a drug, usually an illegal drug such as marijuana or cocaine. an illegal drug, especially marijuana. a dope dealer. A man asked them if they wanted to buy some dope. He has failed a dope test for cocaine. You get dope dealers on every corner. II. [informal, disapproval] If someone calls a person a dope, they think that the person is stupid. I'm more comfortable with them. I don't feel I'm such a dope. III. Dope is information which you have been given illegally or secretly. all the information or latest news about someone or something. dope 实锤 on: What's the dope on Kate's new boyfriend? The government had plenty of dope on him. verb. If someone dopes a person or animal or dopes their food, they put drugs into their food or force them to take drugs. Anyone could have got in and doped the wine 下药. I'd been doped with Somnolin. They've got him doped to the eyeballs. ...recent cases of horse doping. adj. I. very good. You were dope, everything you did was like super mega fresh. II. cool, in-style. Whoa, those sunglasses are dope! dopey I. stupid. If you describe someone as dopey, you mean that they are rather stupid. He's a really dopey kid. II. feeling tired and not able to think quickly, especially because you have been given drugs to take away your pain or to make you sleep. Someone who is dopey is sleepy, as though they have been drugged. The medicine always made him feel dopey and unable to concentrateHe had the operation this morning, so he's still feeling a little dopey. 2. wasted 喝醉了的, 醉酒了的, 磕了药的 I. informal someone who is wasted is very drunk or has taken a lot of drugs. II. a wasted arm, leg, or other part of someone's body looks extremely thin and weak, especially because they are ill. be wasted on someone if something is wasted on someone, they do not understand it or do not realize how good or valuable it is. Don't give the smoked salmon to the children – it'd just be wasted on them. 3. drugged I. 磕了药的. under the influence of sedatives or narcotics. Distressed and drugged patients are rarely able to pay close attention to changes in their emotions and behaviour harvesting organs from a drugged tourist. It didn't matter if he was drugged or just drunk. I had her arrested because she was drugged out of her mind. II. (of sleep) brought about by drugs. He grew tired, and drifted off into a drugged sleep. III. (of food or drink) having had a substance added to it in order to stupefy or poison the person consuming it. A tourist was robbed after being given a drugged 下药了的, 下了药的 orange. The victim has told police she thought she may have been drugged 被下药了 at the time and could not remember the attack well enough to report the incident. 4. What if he slips something in your drink下药 ( laced with, spiked with, tainted ) and then rapes your ass when you're passed out?" I was slipped a roofie ( 迷幻药, 迷药, 迷魂药. 安眠药. 被下药 A tablet of the sedative flunitrazepam. Term for Rohypnol, a sedative that was made in the early 1970s by Roche and was used in hospitals only for deep sedation. It is now a fairly infamous date-rape drug. Has also been known to be used recreationally. He slipped a roofie in her drink and she passed out. ) and raped. 5. spike I. 大钉子. A sort of very large nail; also, a piece of pointed iron set with points upward or outward. II. An ear of grain, as of wheat 麦穗, 玉米棒. ear: The seed-bearing spike of a cereal plant, such as corn. III. (in plural spikes; informal) 钉子鞋 Running shoes with spikes in the soles. A sharp peak in a graph. hang up one's spurs (A short spike or spiked wheel that attaches to the heel of a rider's boot and is used to urge a horse forward.) To retire from something. Lola was the only stripper over thirty at the club. I told her it was time to finally "Hang up your spurs". hang up one's spikes 挂靴, 挂战靴. 退役. IV. 扣球. (volleyball) An attack from, usually, above the height of the net performed with the intent to send the ball straight to the floor of the opponent or off the hands of the opposing block. V.  骤增 a. A sharp rise followed by a sharp decline in a graph or in the tracing of a scientific instrument. b. A sharp momentary increase in voltage or electric current. a surge in power(surge只强调猛增, spike强调是一个猛增然后猛减, 形成一个尖峰 As favorable reviews came out, interest in the software surged. The fans surged forward to see the movie star. a surge of anger). c. A sudden steep increase in prices. VI. (slang) The casual ward of a workhouse. vt. I. 下药的. 加了调剂品的, 混入, 偷偷加入, 偷加了的 To covertly put alcohol or another intoxicating substance in a drink that previously did not contain such substances. Informal a. To add alcoholic liquor to: spiked the punch with rum. b. To add a poison or other chemical to: a drink spiked with barbituates. c. To add flavor or spice to: "several herb vinegars, including one . . . spiked with colorful chive blossoms". d. 调剂性的 To add excitement or vitality to: spiked the speech with many jokes. II. To add a small amount of one substance to another. The water sample to be tested has been spiked with arsenic, antimony, mercury, and lead in quantities commonly found in industrial effluents. III. (military) To render ( a muzzleloading gun ) unusable [useless] by driving a metal spike into its touch hole. IV. (journalism) To decide not to publish or make public. V. To put an end to; terminate: spike a rumor. VI. To manifest (a sharp increase in body temperature): spike a high fever. to spike someone's guns  to thwart (someone's) purpose. To frustrate a person's efforts or designs; to undercut, to render helpless. to spoil someone's plans. Usage notes: In the past, soldiers put spikes (= thin, pointed pieces of metal) into their enemies' guns in order to stop them working. The African runner spiked her guns, overtaking her in the final minute. 6. doctor I. 修图. to change something, especially facts or numbers, in order to make people believe something that is not true. Experts suspected that the company's report had been doctored. II. 下药. to add a substance to food or drink, especially a harmful substance. doctor something with something: There were worries that the horse's feed had been doctored with drugs. III. 阉割. informal to remove the sexual organs of an animal so that it cannot produce babies. witch-doctor 巫医 a man who uses magic powers to try to cure people who are ill. just what the doctor ordered something that is exactly what you need or want. Our holiday in Tahiti was just what the doctor ordered. Differences between British and American English: In the UK, a doctor who works in a local community, not in a hospital, is called a GP or a general practitioner (or sometimes a family doctor), and has the title Dr: Could I have an appointment with Dr Jones, please? But surgeons (=doctors who perform operations on people), dentists (=doctors who look after people’s teeth), and vets (=doctors who look after animals) are all referred to by the titles Mr, Mrs, or Miss. In the US, however, all of these doctors use the title Dr..