用法学习: 1. Donald Trump defends taking hydroxychloroquine against coronavirus as Nancy Pelosi warns of risk to the 'morbidly obese': Mr Trump's revelation a day earlier that he was taking hydroxychloroquine caught many in his administration by surprise and set off an urgent effort by officials to justify his actions. But their attempt to address the concerns of health professionals was undercut 破坏 by the president himself. He asserted without evidence that a study of veterans raising alarm about the drug was "false" and an "enemy statement", even as his own government warned the drug should be administered for COVID-19 only in a hospital or research setting. 2. broadside 攻击 noun a strong written or spoken attack. A broadside is a strong written or spoken attack on a person or institution. He launched a broadside against the young British kitchen staff who are not prepared to dedicate themselves to their chosen career. The paper launched an angry broadside against the administration's proposals. During his broadside yesterday, Mr McGowan accused NSW of having an inconsistent coronavirus message. verb. to crash into the side of another vehicle Their truck broadsided the bus. adv. with the side facing toward something His van hit the car broadside. fumble I. If you fumble for something or fumble with something, you try and reach for it or hold it in a clumsy way. She crept from the bed and fumbled for 摸索着找 her dressing gown. He fumbled with the buttons at the neck. He fumbled 抖抖索索的去够 his one-handed attempt to light his cigarette. to try to hold, move, or find something using your hands in a way that is not skillful or graceful. fumble for: She fumbled for her keys in her purse. fumble with: Robert began to fumble with his buttons. fumble around: He fumbled around in the dark looking for some matches. a. informal An act of fondling someone for sexual pleasure. a quick fumble in a downtown tavern. b. An act of managing or dealing with something clumsily. We are not talking about subtle errors of judgement, but major fumbles. II. When you are trying to say something, if you fumble for the right words 找不出合适的字眼来, you speak in a clumsy and unclear way. I fumbled for something to say. He fumbled his lines, not knowing what he was going to say. to say something in a way that is not skillful or effective. a fumbled explanation. fumble for words: He stood there, fumbling for words. III. 失球. 掉了球了. to drop a ball, especially a football. a failure to hold or catch a ball in sports. Marino was charged with three interceptions and a fumble in his worst game of the season. Smith fumbled at the goal line. matron [meɪtrən] I. The matron in a nursing home is the woman who is in charge of all the nurses. In the past, the woman in charge of the nurses in a hospital was also called a matron. The Matron at the nursing home expressed a wish to attend. Have you told Matron? II. In boarding schools, the matron is the woman who looks after the health of the children. Matron was quite kind but brisk and hurried. ...a prep school matron. III.The matron in a hospital or other institution is the woman who is in charge of domestic matters. Matron is also used to refer to a female officer in a prison. IV. People sometimes refer to middle-aged women as matrons. 3. rubberneck 看热闹, 凑热闹的人, 看客 (rubbernecker, 吃瓜群众) [informal, disapproval] If someone is rubbernecking, they are staring at someone or something, especially in a rude or silly way. The accident was caused by people slowing down to rubber-neck. Pitt planted tall trees outside his home to block rubberneckers. a. to look at something, especially a car accident, as you are passing it. Passing drivers slowed down to rubberneck at the accident. II. to stand on one's toes in a crowd of ardent admirers to see a celebrity passing by. Surely he meant to say that "celebrity drivel and rubbernecking are what drive our site". drivel [ˈdrɪv(ə)l] 蠢话, 傻话, 愚蠢文 (nonsensical [nɑnˈsensɪk(ə)l] ) stupid and unimportant things that someone says or writes. If you describe something that is written or said as drivel, you are critical of it because you think it is very silly. What absolute drivel! She is still writing mindless drivel. Can't quite believe this racist, divisive [dɪˈvaɪsɪv] drivel 莫名其妙的话 is being projected on big screens outside Maroubra Junction Hotel: Photos of the signs which have since been posted online include an illustration of a bearded individual with glasses and a ponytail crossed out. Next to the image, there are the words: "Per advice from the NSW Premier: If you are from Melbourne or look like you are, you will be asked to leave.". vocabulary: Drivel 胡话, 没有意义的闲话, 闲文, 没用的话 is useless, boring, nonsensical information ( nonsensical [nɑnˈsensɪk(ə)l] 没道理的, 荒唐的, 完全莫名其妙的东西 [disapproval] adj not true, or not sensible. If you say that something is nonsensical, you think it is stupid, ridiculous, or untrue. ideas, actions, or statements that are nonsensical are not reasonable or sensible This is a nonsensical argument 没有意义的. It seemed to me that Sir Robert's arguments were nonsensical. There were no nonsensical promises about reviving 复苏, 重振 the economy. a nonsensical theory. nonsensical If something has no intelligent meaning, you can describe it as nonsensical. When you're really angry, you might hear yourself sputtering nonsensical sounds and have to stop, take a breath, and start again. Lewis Carroll's poem "Jabberwocky" is full of great examples of nonsensical words, like "mimsy," "frumious," and "slithy," which manage to be both descriptive and completely nonsensical. Something that is utterly ridiculous or absurd can also be described as nonsensical. You might tell your best friend, "I know you like crazy hats, but that thing on your head is completely nonsensical." ). Your parents might think the articles in your favorite fashion magazine are drivel (but they'll change their tune when you become a famous designer). Etymologists suspect drivel comes to us from the Old Norse word draf, meaning "malt dregs." This would make sense, given that drivel is usually talk or writing about as useless as dregs. If you don't prepare for an oral report, the unfortunate result may be that your teacher finds your disorganized ramblings to be pure drivel 混账话, 胡话, 没有意义的胡话. Drivel also means to dribble saliva. If a friendly dog licks your hand, leaving it wet and gooey, you can assume he driveled on it. 4. in the weeds I. (idiomatic) Immersed or entangled in details or complexities. concerned with small details, often when this prevents you from understanding what is important: He's one of those rare people who can get down in the weeds and work on the details, but still see the big picture.I don't want to get too lost in the weeds, but there is a margin of error. II. (idiomatic, restaurant slang, of a cook or server) Overwhelmed with diners' orders. III. 应付不过来. US informal with so many problems or so much work that you are finding it difficult to deal with something: We're down in the weeds here with customer service. The cooks were so deep in the weeds, they were threatening to walk out. give someone a hiding If you give someone a hiding, you punish them by hitting them many times. A good-hiding is a term that basically means, "slapping" or threatening to hit someone, especially kids. Behave yourself, before I give you a good-hiding. on a hiding to nothing 没机会, 没成功的可能 If you say that someone who is trying to achieve something is on a hiding to nothing, you are emphasizing that they have absolutely no chance of being successful. If you are selling something that people don't want, you are on a hiding to nothing. the devil is in the detail[s] 细节决定成败 used for saying that something may seem simple, but in fact the details are complicated and likely to cause problems. The Irish economy is performing strongly, but the devil is in the detail. "The devil is in the detail" is an idiom that refers to a catch or mysterious element hidden in the details, meaning that something might seem simple at a first look but will take more time and effort to complete than expected and derives from the earlier phrase, "God is in the detail 细节见真章" expressing the idea that whatever one does should be done thoroughly; i.e. details are important. 4. put someone out I. to cause problems or difficulties for someone by making them do something for you. It would be lovely to stay with you, but I don’t want to put you out. put yourself out (for someone) to do something to help someone even if it causes problems or difficulties for you I don't see why I should put myself out for him. put yourself out to do something: She really put herself out to get everything ready for us. II. to place something outside your house. We usually put the cat out at night. put the rubbish out to put waste outside your house so that it can be collected and taken away. put the washing out to hang clothes outside to dry after you have washed them. III. TRANSITIVE to produce information for people to read, watch, or hear. Police have put out a warning about 发出警告 an escaped prisoner. a. to broadcast a programme on television or radio. b. to publish a book, magazine, or newspaper, or produce a video or CD for sale. a company that has put out several new titles this year. IV. to defeat a player or team in a game or competition so that they can no longer take part in it. He was put out in the first round at Wimbledon. V. To make someone unconscious by giving them a drug, usually before a medical operation. VI. to affect numbers or calculations in a way that makes them incorrect. If you get one figure wrong it puts the whole calculation out. VII. if a ship puts out, it sails away from a port. VIII. INTRANSITIVE MAINLY AMERICAN IMPOLITE if you put out, you agree to have sex with someone. put your back/shoulder etc out 脱臼, 闪了腰, 闪了胳膊 to injure your back/shoulder etc by moving a bone out of its position in a joint. put your hand/arm/foot out to move your hand/arm/foot forwards from your body. She put her hand out to stop herself from falling. put the word out INFORMAL to tell people about something Can you put the word out that the meeting has been cancelled. put someone down 贬低, 羞辱 (pay someone out) to belittle or humiliate Her piano teacher was forever putting her down. to make someone feel foolish and unimportant: They never put down other companies in their commercials. Did you have to put me down in front of everybody? 5. snowflake (slang, derogatory) Someone who believes they are as unique and special as a snowflake; someone hypersensitive to insult or offense, especially a young person with politically correct sensibilities. Usage notes: The pejorative sense of "an overly sensitive person" arose from a still-common misconception that no two snowflakes are alike. "Snowflake" as a derogatory term was popularized by its use in the 1996 novel Fight Club, by Chuck Palahniuk (see quotation above), but the insult had existed for a significant amount of time prior to this, although not in popular use. In recent years, the meaning has expanded from "a person who believes they are unique" to also denote someone who is too sensitive and is easily offended, based on conceptions of snowflakes' fragility and weakness. urbandict: A term for someone that thinks they are unique and special, but really are not. It gained popularity after the movie "Fight Club" from the quote "You are not special. You're not a beautiful and unique snowflake. You're the same decaying organic matter as everything else." Began being used extensively as a putdown for someone, usually on the political left, who is easily offended or felt they needed a "safe space" away from the harsh realities of the world, but now has morphed into a general putdown for anyone that complains about any subject. Comedians have a hard time performing on college campuses any more because of all the little snowflakes running around that get offended by just about anything they say. On The Kyle and Jackie O Show, the radio host unleashed on the university lecturer and Fairfax columnist for his remarks, calling him a 'hypocritical flog', a 'whinging toad', and a 'snowflake lefty'. Kyle dedicated more than two minutes of his popular breakfast show to criticising Waleed after he put a negative spin on Kim's actions and said that she'd 'achieved nothing'. He raged: 'Kim does something good and Donald Trump pardons someone that probably really shouldn't be in jail for life... and Waleed Aly has a problem with it!' 'Because he's such a snowflake lefty, that he can't bring himself to ever say Trump did something good or Kim Kardashian did something good,' he added. 'Not everyone has to be a university graduate, up-themselves flog to be a decent person - so lay off, people!'. 6. "want to join the cause 想加入吗?" "Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix": I tried to convince them to join the cause." help the cause. good cause [go to a good cause] 好事 a socially useful organization or activity that is not managed for profit: The money will go to a good cause, a charity which helps disadvantaged youngsters. for a good cause "It's for a good cause," he said of his donation. bleed the matrix 制造混乱 A slang phrase originating in Britain that's roughly equivalent to the American phrases 'reinvent the wheel,' 'think outside the box,' or 'push the boundaries.'. To better understand the term, it's helpful to think of a mathematical matrix, which consists of a bounded series of numbers, arranged in rows and columns, that forms a rectangle. To have blood running down such an orderly series would imply that someone has imposed chaos or disorder onto something that was once orderly. Look man, I'm not trying to bleed the matrix or anything. I just don't think they should charge me a fookin' quid to use a public restroom in the tube. reinvent the wheel waste a great deal of time or effort in creating something that already exists. "he spoke with the fervour of discovery, unaware that he was reinventing the wheel". fervor = fervour [ˈfɜrvər] very strong feeling, enthusiasm, or belief. religious/nationalistic/revolutionary fervor. wear on I. INTRANSITIVE if time wears on, it passes My headache grew worse as the evening wore on. II. TRANSITIVE (wear on someone) if something wears on you, it is annoying, and makes you tired Your constant complaining is really wearing on me. wear someone out to make someone very tired by demanding a lot of that person's work or attention: He wears me out with his constant complaining. wear someone/something down Overcome someone or something by persistence. They wore down their opponents to win the marathon match. 7. sound like broken record 说了一遍又一遍的, 说个没完 To be very tiresome or irritating in the way one continues to say or reiterate the same thing over and over again. Likened to vinyl records that, when severely scratched (i.e., "broken"), can loop endlessly over the same recorded segment. Would you stop telling me to clean my room already? Sheesh, you sound like a broken record! I know I must be sounding like a broken record at this point, but it is crucial that you follow the steps exactly as I've planned them. Kyle & Jackie O 的60minutes采访: Entertainment reporter Peter Ford said 60 Minutes had gone 'off brand' by promoting Kyle's prank as an emotionally charged tell-all interview. 'One thing for to pull a prank about a life threatening illness. That's on brand. Different thing for to use it in a promo knowing they wouldn't be delivering. That's off brand,' he wrote. 毒贩驾车撞上警车: A hapless 倒霉的 drug runner busted trafficking $200 million worth of meth because he crashed his van into parked police cars offered up a farcical 荒谬的, 荒诞的 cover story upon his arrest, court documents have revealed. Simon Tu, 27, was branded 'Australia's dumbest criminal' when he accidentally ploughed his white Toyota HiAce into stationary 停着的 cop cars outside a police station in Sydney's Eastwood one Monday morning last July. After crashing his car into the police vehicles at 10.36am on July 22, Tu drove his banged-up 撞坏了的 van for about an hour before officers pulled him over on Blaxland Road, Ryde, the court document said. Tu said he had fallen asleep behind the wheel - veering onto the wrong side of the road - and only woke up when he rammed into the cop car. 'Driving and microsleep ... realised I fell asleep,' he said. He claimed - brazenly, given what was in the back of his van - that he was simply 'delivering food'. The fidgety 坐立不安的 driver said he picked up food from a warehouse in Eastwood and was running deliveries around Sydney. But police were suspicious of claims, the fact sheet said, because of his nervy demeanour and the fact he had driven off from a disastrous crash out the front of a police station. 8. 八卦: A transgender woman has been fired from her corporate job after she launched into an "embarrassing" tirade and meltdown online after being rejected by Big Brother. I'm sharing my feelings as a trans-person trying to succeed in the entertainment industry and in no way do I believe my gender identity played a factor 与...有关, 有影响, 影响因素 in the outcome of my audition," she said. 特朗普的工作状态: Trump, current and former intelligence officials told the Times, has "a short attention span," frequently "veers off on tangents 离题" and "rarely, if ever, reads intelligence reports." He "rarely absorbs information that he disagrees with or that runs counter to his worldview 跟世界观不一致," the officials said. And, perhaps most critically, he is "particularly difficult to brief on critical national security matters"—like, for instance, a public health crisis of a scale not seen in a century. Trump allies like Richard Grenell, the acting director of national intelligence, have spun his unique approach to briefings as the work of a maverick "questioning the assumptions and using the opportunity to broaden the discussion to include real-world perspectives." But the Times report, like others before it, paints a portrait of an easily-distracted president who is too lazy to do the basic work of his job and who relies instead on rumors and opinions offered in conservative media and from pals like retired golfer Gary Player. Trump has been infamously resistant to briefings throughout his presidency; already distrustful of intelligence agencies, regarding them as part of the "deep state" that supposedly tried to prevent his presidency and has since worked to undermine it, he has also reportedly struggled to pay attention to briefings that don't have his name strategically peppered throughout them. 9. The word drongo is used in Australian English as a mild form of insult meaning "idiot" or "stupid fellow". This usage derives from an Australian racehorse of the same name (apparently after the spangled drongo, Dicrurus bracteatus) in the 1920s that never won despite many places. squalid [skwɒlɪd] 肮脏的. 腌臜的 I. A squalid place is dirty, untidy, and in bad condition. He followed her up a rickety staircase to a squalid bedsit. The migrants have been living in squalid conditions. His death is not being treated as suspicious, but the two teenagers were locked inside the house in what were described as squalid conditions. The 38-member 'Colt' clan was found crammed into rundown caravans, sheds and tents in the state's south in mid-2012 after a conversation about family sex was overheard in a school playground. A member of the incestuous Colt family has been found guilty of raping his niece - who was also his half-sister - in the years before authorities found the clan living in a squalid bush camp. The victim's evidence was 'simply and matter-of-factly 实事求是的, 实话实说的 put' and was powerful and credible given her upbringing and rudimentary education, Judge Gina O'Rourke said. 'She did not try to gild the lily ( gild the lily 言过其实, 过犹不及 disapproving to improve or decorate something that is already perfect and therefore spoil it. To embellish or improve something unnecessarily: Should I add a scarf to this jacket or would it be gilding the lily? ) and attribute other acts to the accused,' Judge O'Rourke said. The itinerant ( itinerant [aɪˈtɪnərənt] adj. traveling around frequently, especially in order to get work. An itinerant worker travels around a region, working for short periods in different places. ...the author's experiences as an itinerant musician. itinerant workers. noun. An itinerant is someone whose way of life involves travelling around, usually someone who is poor and homeless. ) family were well-known throughout country New South Wales and South Australia. II. [disapproval] Squalid activities are unpleasant and often dishonest. something that is squalid is unpleasant because it involves dishonest, illegal, or immoral behavior They called the bill 'a squalid measure'. ...the squalid pursuit of profit. rickety [ˈrɪkəti] 摇摇晃晃的, 摇摇欲坠的, 一碰就散架的 adj a rickety structure or piece of furniture is likely to break if you put any weight on it, often because it is old. a rickety staircase/table/chair. bedsit = bedsitter 一居室 a room that you rent that is used for both living and sleeping in. Two malnourished teenagers found locked inside Brisbane house, man found dead in yard: A man, who did not wish to be named, told the ABC he knew the dead man and said the house stank (stink 过去式), there were chickens in the kitchen and the two boys were "always locked in their room". He said he had visited the property three or four times up to about three years ago and knew the man from the Everton Park Bowls Club. "The stench ( [stentʃ] 臭味. I. a very bad smell, especially of decay. II. a feeling you have that something is very unpleasant. stench of: As the battle approached, the stench of fear was everywhere.) was unbearable … I wish I'd said something," he said. Footage seen by ABC News showed the boys wearing only nappies playing on a mattress and locked in an otherwise desolate room.
derelict VS desolate: dilapidated [dɪˈlæpɪˌdeɪtəd] 破旧的 a dilapidated building, vehicle, or system is old and in bad condition. A building that is dilapidated is old and in a generally bad condition. derelict [ˈdɛrəlɪkt] 破败的. 荒着的, 荒凉的, 破败的, 久无人住的, 无人居住的
adj I. In a very poor condition as a result of disuse and neglect.
something such as a building or piece of land that is derelict is empty,
not used, and in a bad condition. A place or building that is derelict
is empty and in a bad state of repair because it has not been used or
lived in for a long time. The body was found dumped in a derelict warehouse. a derelict house/factory/warehouse 久无人住的. "a derelict Georgian mansion". II. shamefully negligent of one's duties or obligations The mailman was derelict 渎职的, 不尽职尽责的 in his duty to deliver mail when he skipped the houses that had pet dogs. noun. 无家可归者. someone who has no home or job and lives on the streets. A more usual word is a homeless person. desolate [ˈdesələt] adj. 空无一物的, 空旷的, 空空的, 空荡荡的, 荒无人烟的.
I. a desolate place is completely empty with no people or pleasant
features in it. A desolate place is empty of people and lacking in
comfort. ...a
desolate landscape of flat green fields broken by marsh. Half-ruined,
hardly a building untouched, it's a desolate place. desolate streets. II. feeling very sad and lonely. If someone is desolate, they feel very sad, alone, and without hope. He was desolate without her. verb. If something desolates you, it upsets you and makes you very unhappy. Their
inclination to wait and demand more resources desolated President
Lincoln. I saw them walk away and felt absolutely desolated. They have
maintained their optimism in the face of desolating subjugation. desolate adj: [ˈdesələt] verb: [desəleɪt]
I. a desolate place is completely empty with no people or pleasant
features in it. A desolate place is empty of people and lacking in
comfort. ...a desolate landscape of flat green fields broken by marsh. Half-ruined, hardly a building untouched, it's a desolate place. II. feeling very sad and lonely. If someone is desolate, they feel very sad, alone, and without hope. He was desolate without her. verb. If something desolates you, it upsets you and makes you very unhappy. Their
inclination to wait and demand more resources desolated President
Lincoln. I saw them walk away and felt absolutely desolated. They have maintained their optimism in the face of desolating subjugation. subjugate [ˈsʌbdʒəˌɡeɪt] to defeat a place or a group of people and force them to obey you The indigenous people of Mexico were subjugated by the Spanish conquistadors during the 16th century.
a. If someone 臣服, 打服. subjugates a group of people, they take complete
control of them, especially by defeating them in a war. People in the region are fiercely independent and resist all attempts to subjugate them. ...the brutal subjugation of native tribes. b. If your wishes or desires are subjugated to something, they are treated as less important than that thing. Health, common sense, and self-respect are subjugated to 让位于 the cause of looking 'hot'. conjugate [ˈkɑndʒəˌɡeɪt] 动词变形 I. transitive to state the different forms a verb can have, for example according to the number of people it refers to and whether it refers to the present, past, or future. When pupils or teachers conjugate a verb, they give its different forms in a particular order. ...a child who can read at one and is conjugating Latin verbs at four. II. intransitive if a verb conjugates, it has different forms. Today we learn how the verb "to be".
wilderness VS wildness: wilderness [ˈwɪldərnəs] I. 荒野. 荒原. A wilderness is a desert or other area of natural land which is not used by people. ...the
icy Canadian wilderness. He is proud of the garden he made from a
wilderness. ...one of the largest wilderness areas in North America. an area of land where people do not live or grow crops and where there are no buildings. the Alaskan wilderness. a. a place that is not looked after. The garden has become a weed-infested wilderness 荒凉之地. II. [SINGULAR] a period of time when you are not as successful as you were previously. The party spent several years in the political wilderness. a voice in the wilderness someone whose suggestions are ignored For too long environmentalists have been a voice in the wilderness. in the wilderness 在野, 不在朝, 下野
If politicians or other well-known people spend time in the wilderness,
they are not in an influential position or very active in their
profession for that time. [mainly British] ...a party released from 12 years in the wilderness. For so long he had waited in the wilderness for a recall to Test cricket. wilderness area 荒地
an area where the government has decided that no roads or buildings can
be built so that it can be enjoyed for its natural beauty and animals
can live there in peace. wildness [ˈwaɪldnəs] I. the quality of an area where humans do not or cannot live. She loved the wildness 荒野 of the landscape. II. uncontrolled emotions or behaviour. He looked at me with wildness 野性 in his eyes. He'd outgrown the wildness of his youth and was ready to settle down. III. the quality of an animal or plant that is not raised by humans. You cannot tame or educate the wildness 野性的 out of wild animals.
be better fitted to = a better fit for = suited to = suitable for Tom is better fitted to this task. This task is better fitted to Tom. Tom is a better fit for this task. This task is a better fit for Tom. suited I. right or appropriate for a particular person, purpose, or situation. If something is well suited to a particular purpose, it is right or appropriate for that purpose. If someone is well suited to a particular job, they are right or appropriate for that job. The area is well suited to road cycling as well as off-road riding. Satellites are uniquely suited to provide this information. "the task is ideally suited to a computer". II. wearing a suit of clothes of a specified type, fabric, or colour. "a dark-suited man". III. If two people are well suited, they are likely to have a successful relationship because they have similar personalities or interests. They were well suited to each other. suitable adj. Someone or something that is suitable for a particular purpose or occasion is right or acceptable for it. Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is suitable for the job. She had no other dress suitable for the occasion. The authority must make suitable accommodation available to the family. ...information on the suitability of a product for use in the home.
deluded VS delusional: I think "deluded" is an act. Delusional is you attribute. Anyone can be deluded, that is fooled or misled about something. Delusions and being delusional refers to an actual mental illness. In some common everyday conversations those without mental health training my use them interchangeably, but it is wrong to do so. "He was deluded into thinking she would go out with him." "He was delusional and believed himself to be a cow." It is more common (at least in American English) to say, "You're delusional" or something like "he deluded himself", i.e. reflexive pronoun after it.
overrun VS overflow VS overspill VS overshoot: overrun [oʊvərrʌn] I. If an army or an armed force overruns a place, area, or country, it succeeds in occupying it very quickly. A group of rebels overran 占领 the port area and most of the northern suburbs. II. If you say that a place is overrun 长满, 满是 with or by things that you consider undesirable, you mean that there are a large number of them there. The flower beds were overrun with grasses. The Hotel has been ordered to close because it is overrun by mice and rats. Padua and Vicenza are prosperous, well-preserved cities, not overrun by tourists. III. If an event or meeting overruns by 超时, for example, ten minutes, it continues for ten minutes longer than it was intended to. Tuesday's lunch overran by three-quarters of an hour. The talks overran their allotted time. IV. If costs overrun 超支, they are higher than was planned or expected. The US developer took a $163m hit after costs overran at the wind farm. Costs overran the budget by about 30%. He was stunned to discover cost overruns of at least $1 billion. overflow I. When a liquid overflows 溢出, 满溢, it flows over the edges of a container, etc. because there is too much of it: Pour in some of the syrup, but not all of it, as it will probably overflow. Rivers and streams have overflowed their banks in countless places. The milk overflowed when I poured it into the jug. Because of heavy rain, the river may overflow its banks. II. If a container or a place overflows, 溢出来, 流出来 whatever is inside it starts coming out because it is too full. If a place or container is overflowing with people or things, it is too full of them. The great hall was overflowing with people. Jails and temporary detention camps are overflowing. He emptied a few overflowing ashtrays. Oh no, the sink is overflowing all over the floor. The bin was overflowing with rubbish. III. When a place overflows, or people or things overflow from somewhere, some people or things have to come out because it cannot contain them all: The bar was so full that people were overflowing into/onto the street. His room is overflowing with books. The train was full to overflowing 满到盛不下 (= so full that there was not space for any more passengers). to overflowing: so that water or another substance is almost coming over the top: Someone had filled the sink to overflowing. UK The sink was full to overflowing. IV. If you overflow with thoughts or feelings, you express them strongly. If someone is overflowing with a feeling or if the feeling overflows, the person is experiencing it very strongly and shows this in their behaviour. Kenneth overflowed with friendliness and hospitality. Ridley's anger finally overflowed. They were overflowing with emotion at the birth of their baby. Suddenly, her anger overflowed. V. The overflow is the extra people or things that something cannot contain or deal with because it is not large enough. Tents have been set up next to hospitals to handle the overflow. The loch's overflow cascades into the waterfalls of a Japanese water garden. overspill I. Overspill is used to refer to people who live near a city because there is no room in the city itself. ...new towns built to absorb overspill from nearby cities. ...overspill council housing. II. You can use overspill to refer to things or people which there is no room for in the usual place because it is full. An overspill from the Victoria and Albert Museum's collection has been housed in a west London office block. With the best seats taken, it was ruled that the overspill could stand at the back of the court.
Noted VS understood VS I got it (I've got it): Noted means you are going to make an effort to remember that for the future. Understood means that you now know how to do something, or you know how something works. An example: Someone may say "can you fold your clothes like this instead in the future?" And you can respond "noted" to let them know that you will try to remember to do that in he future. For understood/understand, someone can teach you how to do a math problem and once you figure out how they are doing it, you now understand the problem. Could I reply with 'understood' after someone has explained something to me? Some say reply with understood is too serious. 1. It strikes me as more terse ( a terse statement or remark is very short and often shows that the person making it is annoyed. A terse statement or comment is brief and unfriendly. He issued a terse statement. His tone was terse as he asked the question. 'It's too late,' he said tersely. ) than serious, but that could be appropriate depending on circumstances. 2. It would sound to me like a recalcitrant ( recalcitrant [rɪˈkælsɪtrənt] adj 不服从命令的 (insubordinate) refusing to obey orders. If you describe someone or something as recalcitrant, you mean that they are unwilling to obey orders or are difficult to deal with. The danger is that recalcitrant local authorities will reject their responsibilities. He had a knack for coaxing even the most recalcitrant engine to life. ...the government's recalcitrance over introducing even the smallest political reform. a. formal refusing to obey orders. a recalcitrant child. b. not operating or acting the way you want and therefore difficult to deal with. a recalcitrant 不服管理的 computer. ) individual reluctantly acceding to authority. I would be careful with whom I used that response. But yes, you can use it. 3. I'm used to just reply with ''understood'' on any context. You might be used to replying "understood", but that is about as normal to English speakers as "got it". There're many ways of saying that you understand an explanation, but for most of us they begin "I ..." - "I understand", "I see", I got that. 'I've got that", "I get it", "I see what you mean" are examples. 4. (is that) understood? used for emphasizing, especially in a threatening way, that someone should do what you are telling them. No one is to leave before five. Is that understood? make yourself understood to know enough of another language to be able to deal with ordinary situations I know enough Italian to make myself understood. be understood to be agreed without having to be discussed. be understood that: I thought it was understood that you were going to help.
关于用过去式表示礼貌的问题: The answer to "Did you understand" (as well as to "Do you understand") should be phrased in the present tense—"Yes, I understand." Why is this? One thing to realize about English is that speakers use past tense FORMS for meanings other than past tense events. One quite common use of past tense is for politeness functions—this is because the past tense acts as a "distancing mechanism"—that is, it distances the question from the present context. This is just how English works. The question above ("Did you understand?") quite possibly uses the past tense ("did") as a politeness strategy. Why might the speaker want to be more polite? Well, the specific function of this question is what is called a "confirmation check"—these are frequently used by speakers when they are explaining something to a listener. Since it can be a little bit threatening for a speaker to ask someone "baldly" (i.e., straight on) if he/she understands something, the speaker may try to mitigate that threat, hence the use of the past tense. Another example that is quite similar is the answer to polite questions such as "Could (or would) you help me with this X ?" These questions use what are called "historical past modals" ("could" and "would") as they make the request more polite (as with the example above, there is a bit of threat involved when asking someone for help), so the speaker will often use the past tense forms rather than the present. However, the appropriate answer is in the present tense, not in the past—that is, the listener should respond "Yes, I can" rather than "Yes, I could." This is because the past form "could" has a tentativeness as part of its meaning, which the listener most likely doest't want to convey.
