用法学习: 1. Many students procrastinate working on their high school science projects due to that lack of enthusiasm. You'll have more energy, be less likely to procrastinate, and you'll have a greater sense of the accomplishment and motivation at the end of the day. The more fun sites are usually accessed during leisure time, or in some cases used to procrastinate doing real work. Occasionally when you procrastinate you may not be able to find the costume you want at the last minute. Soon you'll have even more reasons to procrastinate! 2. brusque [brʊsk] 说话硬邦邦的, 生硬的, 唐突的. 简单生硬的 speaking quickly in an unfriendly way using very few words. If you describe a person or their behaviour as brusque, you mean that they deal with things, or say things, quickly and shortly, so that they seem to be rude. The doctors are brusque and busy. They received a characteristically brusque reply from him. 'It's only a sprain,' Paula said brusquely. His tone was brusque. She often seems a little brusque when she is interviewing people. a. using quick movements that show that you do not feel friendly toward someone. her brusque manner. UCLA 大学教授被停职事件:Given that Klein followed institutional policy when he refused to alter his final exam procedures, this investigation is almost certainly based on the tone or viewpoint of his email, which was — however brusque 硬杠, 不柔和, 直言不讳的 — protected expression on a matter of profound public interest. Klein must be immediately reinstated, and UCLA's leaders must make clear that their commitment to academic freedom is stronger than an online mob. 3. Blackbirding 黑砖窑, 奴役工 involves the coercion of people through deception or kidnapping to work as unpaid or poorly paid labourers in countries distant to their native land. The term has been most commonly applied to the large-scale taking of people indigenous to the numerous islands in the Pacific Ocean during the 19th and 20th centuries. These blackbirded people were called Kanakas or South Sea Islanders. They were taken from places such as the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Niue, Easter Island, Gilbert Islands, Tuvalu and the islands of the Bismarck Archipelago amongst others. The owners, captains and crew of the ships involved in the acquisition of these labourers were termed blackbirders. Examples of blackbirding outside the South Pacific include the early days of the pearling industry in Western Australia at Nickol Bay and Broome, where Aboriginal Australians were blackbirded from the surrounding areas. The practice of blackbirding has continued to the present day. One example is the kidnapping and coercion, often at gunpoint, of indigenous peoples in Central America to work as plantation labourers in the region. They are subjected to poor living conditions, are exposed to heavy pesticide loads, and do hard labour for very little pay. 4. be/get jumped 被突然袭击, 被围攻: to beat someone up via a sudden surprise attack, usually as a group. To attack suddenly and violently. The hoodlum jumped a woman in the alley. They jumped him in the subway and stole his wallet. be rushed = rush somebody/something 被突袭 to try to attack or capture someone or something suddenly A group of prisoners rushed an officer and managed to break out. Fans rushed the stage after the concert. to move quickly towards someone or something, especially in order to attack them. The gang rushed him and took his watch and wallet. Two dogs rushed at Delia, growling and baring their teeth. To the c**ts that rushed him... we ain't gonna let you dogs off easy,' one teen posted. rushed adj. I. done in a hurry, especially in too much of a hurry. The whole meeting felt rushed and badly planned. II. feeling that you must do things in a hurry. It's good to relax after feeling rushed all day. grieve [ɡriv] I. intransitive/transitive to feel extremely sad because someone has died. I never had time to grieve properly. He's still grieving for his wife. Millions of people are grieving over his death. If you grieve over something, especially someone's death, you feel very sad about it. He's grieving over his dead wife and son. I didn't have any time to grieve. Margery's grieving family battled to come to terms with their loss. II. transitive formal to upset someone. If you are grieved by something, it makes you unhappy or upset. He was deeply grieved by the sufferings of the common people. I was grieved to hear of the suicide of James. It grieved me to see the poor man in such distress. It grieves me to see her like this. grief [ɡrif] a strong feeling of sadness, usually because someone has died. Grief is a feeling of extreme sadness. ...a huge outpouring of national grief for the victims of the shootings. Their grief soon gave way to anger. An extraordinary outpouring of grief followed the death of the princess. grief at/over: the family's grief at the loss of their child. come to grief 造成事故 I. to be unsuccessful. This is a ground where Rangers have come to grief in the past. II. to have an accident. The collection almost came to grief recently when a water pipe burst. give someone grief to annoy someone, or to cause them problems. grief-stricken = grief-struck extremely sad. grief tourist a person who travels specifically to visit the scene of a tragedy or disaster. Dark Tourist stars Michael Cudlitz, my favorite "Southland" cop as well, as a "grief tourist" obsessed with visiting the scenes of tragedy or disaster. good grief Some people say ' Good grief' when they are surprised or shocked. 'He's been arrested for theft and burglary.'—'Good grief!' grievance [ˈɡrivəns] 抱怨, 不满, 待遇不公 I. countable a complaint about being treated in an unfair way. Managers were presented with a long list of grievances 不公正对待, 举报. have a grievance: People know who to go to if they have a grievance. II. countable/uncountable a feeling that you have been treated in an unfair way. If you have a grievance about something that has happened or been done, you believe that it was unfair. They had a legitimate grievance. The main grievance of the drivers is the imposition of higher fees for driving licences. ...a deep sense of grievance. nurse a grievance 心怀不满: For years he nursed a grievance against his former employer. grievance procedure a formal series of actions that an employee has to go through when they want to complain officially about the way that they have been treated at work.
social VS sociable VS personable VS gregarious: personal I. If you give something your personal care or attention, you deal with it yourself rather than letting someone else deal with it. ...a business that requires a great deal of personal contact. ...a personal letter from the President's secretary. People do not mind paying a bit extra for the personal touch. As businesses grew larger, personal contact 私人关系 between employer and hired hand tended to disappear. He preferred personal contact 私下的接触 over formal staff meetings, and was in no way dictatorial. There is no substitute for personal contact in giving people a sense of belonging. II. Personal matters 个人问题, 私人问题 relate to your feelings, relationships, and health. ...teaching young people about marriage and personal relationships. You never allow personal problems to affect your performance. We sacrifice our personal lives to our work. Mr Knight said that he had resigned for personal reasons. III. 针对某个人的. Personal comments refer to someone's appearance or character in an offensive way. Newspapers resorted to personal abuse. Myra was attacking something I'd written, and her attack got a little personal. IV. Personal care involves looking after your body and appearance. ...people who take time and care over personal hygiene. V. A personal relationship is one that is not connected with your job or public life. He was a personal friend 私人朋友 whom I've known for many years. What began as a professional relationship became a personal one pretty quickly. personable 招人喜欢的 Someone who is personable has a pleasant appearance and character. attractive and behaving in a pleasant way. Having a pleasing appearance or manner; attractive; handsome; friendly; amiable. The people I met were intelligent, mature, personable. gregarious [ɡrɪˈɡeərɪəs] I. 爱热闹的(outgoing, friendly, social, cordial). Someone who is gregarious enjoys being with other people. If you know someone who's outgoing, sociable, and fond of the company of others, you might want to call her gregarious. She is such a gregarious and outgoing person. (of people) liking to be with other people. Emma's a gregarious, outgoing sort of person. II. 群居的 (= social). Gregarious animals or birds normally live in large groups. Snow geese are very gregarious birds. sociable ( = social) 爱交际的, 爱交朋友的, 喜欢交际的 approving adj Sociable people like to meet and spend time with other people. Sociable people are friendly and enjoy talking to other people. She was, and remained, extremely sociable, enjoying dancing, golf and bicycling. Some children have more sociable personalities than others. Rob's very sociable - he likes parties. I had a headache and I wasn't feeling very sociable. outgoing (extrovert) I. You use outgoing to describe a person in charge of something who is soon going to leave that position. ...the outgoing 离任的 director of the Edinburgh International Festival. II. Outgoing things such as planes, mail, and passengers are leaving or being sent somewhere. All outgoing 出发的, 离港的 flights were grounded. III. Someone who is outgoing is very friendly and likes meeting and talking to people. She's very outgoing. ...his outgoing behaviour. social I. Social means relating to leisure activities that involve meeting other people. We ought to organize more social events. Social activities might include walking tours of the Old Town. We have known each other socially for a long time. The two groups rarely meet socially. Socially I found him delightful. relating to activities that involve being with other people, especially activities that you do for pleasure. a social activity/engagement/get-together. social contact: The worst thing about working from home is the lack of social contact. a social call (=a visit for the purpose of pleasure, not business): This is not a social call. I'm afraid I have some bad news. a. relating to rules about behavior with other people. social skills 社交技能 (=how good you are at meeting and dealing with people): We need someone with excellent social skills. social graces (=manners): The children still need to learn a few social graces. b. a social 爱交朋友的, 爱交际的 (sociable) person enjoys being with other people. II. (= gregarious) Social animals live in groups and do things together. These endangered gentle giants are highly social 群居的 animals. ...social insects like bees and ants. III. Social means relating to society or to the way society is organized. ...the worst effects of unemployment, low pay and other social problems. ...long-term social change. ...the acceptance that social conditions influenced crime. ...changing social attitudes. ...the tightly woven social fabric of small towns. ...research into housing and social policy. Let's face it–drinking is still viewed as a socially acceptable habit. ...one of the most socially deprived areas in Britain. social justice: The interests of big companies are rarely compatible with social justice. social change: a period of enormous political and social change. social conditions: There has been a progressive deterioration of the social conditions of small farmers. IV. Social means relating to the status or rank that someone has in society. Higher education is unequally distributed across social classes. The guests came from all social backgrounds. Morisot and Degas moved in the same social circles. ...a prosperous upper-middle-class couple with social aspirations. For socially ambitious couples this is a problem. ...socially disadvantaged children. I felt there was a lot of pressure on me to achieve, both academically and socially. relating to the position that someone has in society in relation to other people. a judgment about someone based on their social background. The evidence shows a relationship between crime and social class. noun. A social is a party, dance, or informal gathering that is organized for the members of a club or institution. ...church socials.
standing VS position VS place: 1. have no standing 没有资格 ( = in no position to do sth): Germany, Piketty continued, has "no standing" to lecture other nations about debt repayment, having never paid back its own debts after both World Wars. I have no standing to judge any Israeli or Palestinian. Therefore, under the government's theory, they have no standing to sue. 2. standing I. Someone's standing is their reputation or status. ..an artist of international standing. He has improved his country's standing abroad. She had the wealth and social standing to command respect. II. A party's or person's standing is their popularity. The opinion poll shows the party's standing has never been so low. The Prime Minister's standing was much higher in the U.S. than at home. III. In a contest or competition, the list of competitors which shows their places during the event is called the standings. Britain is 11th in the team standings. adj. You use standing to describe something which is permanently in existence. Israel has a relatively small standing 现役军队 army and its strength is based on its reserves. Elizabeth had a standing invitation to stay with her. ...the finance standing committee. of many years' standing 长期的, 长时间的 You can use the expression of many years' standing to say that something has had a particular function or someone has had a particular role for many years. For example, if a place is your home of ten years' standing, it has been your home for ten years. ...a Congressman of 24 years' standing. My girlfriend of long standing left me. free-standing adj A free-standing piece of furniture or other object is not fixed to anything, or stands on its own away from other things. ...a free-standing cooker. standpoint From a particular standpoint means looking at an event, situation, or idea in a particular way. He believes that from a military standpoint, the situation is under control. From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just ridiculous. a way of considering something. from someone's standpoint 立足点: From a saver's standpoint, high interest rates are a good thing. from the standpoint of something: The city is ideally suited for the Olympics from the standpoint of its transportation infrastructure. from an economic/legal/political etc. standpoint 从...角度: From a political standpoint it was a particularly bad idea. 3. be in no position to do something (= have no standing to do sth) 没有资格, 没有能力, 没有资源 (not one's place to do something 能做, 可以做, 但是自己觉得不合适(比如职级低, 比如和自己没有关系)所以不应该, 所以不愿意做) to be unable to do something because you do not have the ability, money, or power to do it "He is a convicted bigamist; he's in no position to criticise me for having one lousy affair with my secretary." You're unemployed and in no position to support a family. Ned says I'm always late? He's in no position to talk (=should not criticize because he does the same thing). 区别: 'I'm in no position to...' can mean 'I am unable to...', 'It is beyond me to...', 'I have no right to...' etc. Interpretation always depends on context. Generally, it tells me that you can't do it. 'It is not my place to...', on the other hand, tells me that you can do it, but you feel you shouldn't. it would be improper/inappropriate for me to... "It's not my place" means "if I were in a superior position, I could". Typically I could say "My boss is completely wrong about that, but it's not my place to point it out to him; I'm just the office junior". 3. have no place 立足之地 ( 和not one's place to do sth 不一样) to not be suitable or right in a particular situation. She believed that religious teaching had no place in the school curriculum. there is no place for...: to be a completely unsuitable place for someone This is no place for a child. There's no place for sentiment 没有感情用事的余地, 不是感情用事的地方 when you're negotiating a business deal. be no place for to not be a suitable place for someone or something A damp flat is no place for someone with asthma. 4. have no position on sth (因为不关自己事, 或者和自己无关, 或者自己没有见解) 没有立场, 没有: But, but I have no position of the governing council on whether or not we are calling for an European rating agency. I (like my colleagues in the UK in a Changing Europe programme) have no position on the referendum itself; our job is to inform the debate, not to take sides. She stopped short of declaring she would reverse those actions, saying: "I will be discussing those issues with the Senate as part of my confirmation hearings, and at this time I have no position on what the incoming administration will be doing as to those designations". "The coach said, and this is exactly what he said, 'You're too small, you're too slow, your hands are too small, you have no position and you're so uncoordinated,' so I thought that was a little hint I wasn't quite good enough," Mr. Buchsbaum recalled recently from his living room, or rather the one navigable clearing there. "These court cases, when they come down — and of course we have no position on the legal rulings — but from a finance or budget perspective, it is basically favoring certain spending over others," said Scott D. Pattison, the executive director of the National Association of State Budget Officers. position [pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n] noun. I. The position of someone or something is the place where they are in relation to other things. The ship was identified, and its name and position 位置 were reported to the coastguard. This conservatory enjoys an enviable position overlooking a leafy expanse. II. When someone or something is in a particular position, they are sitting, lying, or arranged in that way. Hold the upper back and neck in an erect position 姿势 to give support for the head. Ensure the patient is turned into the recovery position. Mr. Dambar had raised himself to a sitting position. III. Your position in society is the role and the importance that you have in it. ...the position 社会地位 of older people in society. IV. A position in a company or organization is a job. He left a career in teaching to take up a position 空缺, 位置, 工作 with the Arts Council. Hyundai said this week it is scaling back 紧缩, 缩小规模 its U.S. operations by eliminating 50 positions. V. Your position in a race or competition is how well you did in relation to the other competitors or how well you are doing. Agassi and Sampras resumed their battle for the world's No. 1 position, both winning their opening matches. By the ninth hour the car was running in eighth position 排位, 排名(standing). VI. You can describe your situation at a particular time by saying that you are in a particular position. He's going to be in a very difficult position 形势 indeed if things go badly for him. Companies should be made to reveal more about their financial position. It was not the only time he found himself in this position. VII. Your position 态度, 立场 on a particular matter is your attitude towards it or your opinion of it. He could be depended on to take a moderate position on most of the key issues. Mr Howard is afraid to state his true position on the republic, which is that he is opposed to it. verb. If you position something somewhere, you put it there carefully, so that it is in the right place or position. Position trailing plants near the edges and in the sides of the basket to hang down. Place the pastry circles on to a baking sheet and position one apple on each circle. in position If someone or something is in position, they are in their correct or usual place or arrangement. This second door is an extra security measure and can be locked in position during the day. Some 28,000 U.S. troops are moving into position. 5. headspace ( head in the right place: 没有被金钱和名气冲昏头脑. heart in the right place: 用心良苦. Is a 19 year old too young for a 28 year old? I don't see it working out but there is no harm in trying. Most 19 year olds have their heads in the wrong place 不知道自己想要什么, 糊里糊涂的 though. head in the clouds 白日做梦, 空幻想, 不切实际 (figuratively, usually with have or with) Used to indicate that a person has fantastic or impractical dreams. feet on the ground 脚踏实地, 没有飘起来. Harriet has a (good) head for figures (= she is very good at calculating numbers). UK Do you have a head for heights (= are you able to be in high places without fear)? (bury/have) one's head in the sand: to ignore or refuse to think about a problem or something unpleasant.)I. the air or empty space left above the contents in a sealed container. "pour the hot chutney into the jars, leaving 5 mm headspace" II. a person's state of mind or mindset. It's like, I need to clear my headspace 想想清楚 but I can't do that with him around because he's just ego, you know? He dumps on me. So that's it (dump on informal North American criticize or abuse (someone); treat badly. "you get dumped on just because of your name"). Where are you at with your headspace 现在是什么想法, 现在是怎么打算的, 现在是怎么想的?. Yeah that episode made me realize how negative my thoughts had become and how much it really can fuck with your headspace 精神状态. Call it New Age bunk, but it is a mental discipline as well - and I do enter quite a different headspace after class. "if you're not in the right headspace for this stuff it's going to bore you, no matter how well it's done". III. Time to think clearly or to be free from mental pressures. I really need some headspace 需要好好想想, 需要好好反思一下 just now. There's no peace to concentrate, no physical space to find your headspace in. It's actually not so bad getting sick since it gives me a little more precious headspace. You justly resent intrusion into what you consider sacrosanct headspace. With travelling reduced to a manageable (and much more enjoyable) level, stress levels have decreased, and headspace has been restored.
