用法学习: 1. derision [dɪˈrɪʒ(ə)n] 嘲讽, 讥讽, 群嘲 the opinion that someone or something is stupid, unimportant, or useless. If you treat someone or something with derision, you express contempt for them. He tried to calm them, but was greeted with shouts of derision. There were shouts of derision from the audience. On Tuesday, the agency formerly known as the BoM asked media organisations to only refer to it by its full name, or shorthand as "the Bureau" – not the widely used initialism BoM. The media-wide alert sparked derision 引起群嘲 online after it was discovered that the Bureau appeared to have failed to reserve the Twitter accounts it had announced it planned to move to. deride [dɪˈraɪd] 贬低, 斥为无用 to criticize someone or something by suggesting that they are stupid, unimportant, or useless. If you deride someone or something, you say that they are stupid or have no value. Opposition MPs derided the Government's response to the crisis. This theory is widely derided by conventional scientists. ridicule noun If someone or something is an object of ridicule or is held up to ridicule, someone makes fun of them in an unkind way. As a heavy child, she became the object of ridicule from classmates. The process of judicial selection was held up to ridicule. Davis was subjected to public ridicule. ridicule verb 取笑, 嘲笑 If you ridicule someone or ridicule their ideas or beliefs, you make fun of them in an unkind way. I admired her all the more for allowing them to ridicule her and never striking back. I don't think his faith should be ridiculed. division [dɪˈvɪʒ(ə)n] I. countable/uncountable the process of separating people or things into smaller groups or parts. division of: Civil war eventually led to a permanent division 分化 of the country. division of something into something: Many parents opposed the division of the classes into different sets. a. the process of separating something into smaller parts and sharing it among two or more people. division of: the division 分封, 分化, 划分 of the land after the previous owner died. division of something between/among someone: a fair division of responsibilities 责任划分 among the members of the committee. II. countable/uncountable a disagreement between people, especially between people who belong to the same group. The argument revealed deep divisions 分化 in the ranks of the Republican Party. III. countable a difference in the way that people within the same community or country live, how much money they have, how educated they are, etc. the growing division 分化 (divide 分界线 重大分歧) between rich and poor. IV. countable one of the parts into which a large organization is divided. the company's electronics division 分支. a. a large section in a military force that consists of several smaller units. armored divisions. b. one of the groups of sports teams in a league. V. countable/uncountable maths a calculation in mathematics of how many times a number is contained in a larger number. VI. countable/uncountable biology the process by which the cells in plants and animals divide to form new cells. division of labor 工作分配, 工作分工 the way that the work that needs to be done is divided so that different people are responsible for different parts of it. divide noun [dɪˈvaɪd] 分歧. I. usually singular an important difference or disagreement between two people or groups. The ideological divide between them has deepened. a racial/cultural/political divide. divide between: There's a clear divide between the two parties on the issue of taxation. II. American an area of high ground that separates the areas from which water runs into two different rivers or oceans. 2. A dumbwaiter 小货梯, 载食物货梯 is a small freight elevator or lift intended to carry food. Dumbwaiters found within modern structures, including both commercial, public and private buildings, are often connected between multiple floors. When installed in restaurants, schools, hospitals, retirement homes or in private homes, the lifts generally terminate in a kitchen. 心跳声音: The familiar 'lub-dub' sound of the heartbeat is caused by the rhythmic closing of the heart valves as blood is pumped in and out of the chambers 心房, 心室. A heart murmur 心跳颤音, 心跳杂音 is a sound caused by blood flow within the heart. Instead of 'lub-dub', the heartbeat may have an added sound like a hum, a whoosh or a rasp. The cause of the whooshing sound is the vibration of blood as it moves through the heart, which is normally undetectable by stethoscope ( [ˈsteθəˌskoʊp] 听诊器 a piece of equipment used by doctors for listening to someone's heart or breathing. ). Blood can flow abnormally through the heart for many reasons including defective valves, congenital heart disorders and anaemia. A 'noisy' heart isn't always a sign of disease or malfunction. Many children have 'innocent' heart murmurs that don't require any treatment or observation. However, medical tests are often needed to distinguish between a harmful heart murmur and an innocent one 良性杂音, as they can sound the same through a stethoscope. 3. Fruitcake (fruity) a. 疯癫的人, 疯子. b. 同性恋者. c. 水果蛋糕 An American version of a fruitcake which contains both fruit and nuts. Fruitcakes, which are cakes containing both fruit and nuts, have been in existence since the Middle Ages, but it is unclear when the term started being used disparagingly, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States, as a slur for a 'crazy person' (e.g., "he's a complete fruitcake") although Cassell's Dictionary of Slang traces uses of fruitcake meaning an eccentric (crazy) person to 1910s. It is derived from the expression "nutty as a fruitcake", which was first recorded in 1935. A nut can be either a seed or a fruit. By the 1930s both fruit and fruitcake terms are seen as not only negative but also to mean male homosexual, although probably not universally. LGBT people were widely diagnosed as diseased with the potential for being cured, thus were regularly "treated" with castration, lobotomies, pudic nerve surgery, and electroshock treatment. Due to this, transferring the meaning of fruitcake, nutty, to someone who is deemed insane, or crazy, may have seemed rational at the time and many apparently believed that LGBT people were mentally unsound. In the United States, psychiatric institutions ("mental hospitals") where many of these procedures were carried out were called fruitcake factories while in 1960s Australia they were called fruit factories. From 1942 to 1947, conscientious objectors in the US assigned to psychiatric hospitals under Civilian Public Service exposed abuses throughout the psychiatric care system and were instrumental in reforms of the 1940s and 1950s. Fruit fly (同性恋者, 男同 fag hag, 女同dyke tyke.): People who associate with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people may be called fruit flies (along with fruit bats) regardless of their sex. Fruit fly can also refer to a gay man. Females associated with gay males are also known as fag hags, whereas men associated with lesbians are known as dyke tykes, Dutch boys, lesbros or lezbros. In South Africa the definition seems more stringent as a woman with only gay male friends while in Filipino culture "fruit fly" is based on a metaphor of a woman buzzing around gay men. mincing 女性化的 adj. I. (of a person) affectedly elegant in gait, manner, or speech. II. having an effeminate or feminine appearance, position or attitude: a mincing walk. II. (of the gait, speech, behavior, etc.) affectedly dainty, nice, or elegant. mince verb I. (of a person) to be in an effeminate or feminine position: to mince around. II. to speak with an affected elegance or pretense. Look at him mincing down the street! mincer 女性化的男子 A man who is extremely camp. Not necessarily gay, but definitely exhibiting tendencies towards the feminine. Primarily slang used in England. Look at that bloke, he's a real mincer. Traditionally, "mince" is a term used to describe cutting things into tiny pieces, or that tasty mixture of chopped dried fruit, distilled spirits and spices, and sometimes beef, suet or venison. In gay terms, it can be described similarly, as a mixture of coiffed aged fruit, distilled in spirits and silibate "S's," and sometimes a bit of meat. "Mincing" describes actions that a man (gay or straight) might make which appear to be odd or even give the impression of femininity or effeminence. Most likely derived from "mincing;" the act of cutting items into small pieces – the phrase came to be synonymous with taking small, dainty steps 小碎步走路 or speaking in an overly dainty or elegant manner. 4. 酒巴禁入: One significant change from a licensee perspective now in operation is the introduction of barring notices 禁入名单 (ban是永久的正式的禁止, bar 是临时的非正式的禁止). Barring notices are essentially a more flexible form of a prohibition order. They too are aimed at minimising antisocial behaviour associated with licensed premises. The escalation approach available to licensees includes: refusing entry or removing a person at the time of an incident; barring the person from the venue for an extended period of time; barring the person from multiple venues for an extended period of time; seeking a formal banning order against the person. fraught [frɔːt] I. If a situation or action is fraught with problems or risks, it is filled with them. The earliest operations employing this technique were fraught with dangers. fraught with full of unpleasant things such as problems or dangers: The negotiations have been fraught with difficulties/problems right from the start. From beginning to end, the airlift was fraught with risks. II. If you say that a situation or action is fraught, you mean that it is worrying or difficult. causing or affected by anxiety or stress. causing or having extreme worry or anxiety: This is one of the most fraught weekends of the year for the security forces. The atmosphere in the office is rather fraught. "there was a fraught silence". It has been a somewhat fraught day. Taylor Swift said: "Glitter Gel Pen lyrics don't care if you don't take them seriously because they don't take themselves seriously. "Glitter Gel Pen lyrics are the drunk girl at the party who tells you that you look like an angel in the bathroom. "It's what we need once in a while in these fraught times." 5. mixtape = mixed tape 拼盘, 杂牌带子 (现代的: playlist) a compilation of songs recorded (as onto a cassette tape or a CD) from various sources. a collection of songs put together for a particular person or occasion but not professionally produced, especially on a cassette (= a flat rectangular device containing a very long strip of magnetic material for recording sound): I made a mixtape for my girlfriend. Remember the '80s when you could make someone a mixtape on a cassette? a collection of songs from one or more artists, produced professionally and usually put on the internet for people to listen to for free. Mixtapes can actually bolster an artist's sales. Rappers have grown increasingly good at using mixtapes to promote themselves.
童星Edward Furlong 和 助理Domac 的忘年情事: In a strange twist of fate, once Furlong's relatives were out of his life, his on-set behaviour was very calm. Domac accompanied him everywhere (but was no longer his tutor), and soon, people began to accept her as a "stabilising force 安稳的力量, 安定的力量" for Furlong - despite their age difference. "It was a delight to work with him. He was always emotionally present. I think he's a very accomplished actor. And, in many ways, he was the most cooperative actor in the picture. Other than the fact that I got a Coke with Edward after shooting, I would never have known about his family," Little Odessa director James Gray said. "I had my doubts at first, but I think [Domac is] good for him. She's a stabilising force and she cares for the guy. After a while, who can quibble with that?" As for Domac, she maintained that she helped Furlong with "managerial things". "I want to be clear: I don't work for him," she said adamantly. "There's no money involved. I just help out. That gets messed up in the press sometimes." In 1995, a 17-year-old Furlong told Interview magazine, "I think it's damn cool that I got a 29-year-old. But in terms of the generation thing, me and Jackie always sit down and talk about this. It's such a fragile subject, but at the same time you really can't help it when you love somebody." He would then tell Cosmopolitan, "Jackie's always been my backbone 精神支柱. She goes everywhere with me, because otherwise we'd miss each other." Domac continued to work as Furlong's quasi-manager, seeing him through Before and After, Pecker and American History X, where the actor showed he could handle a meaty and nuanced [ˈnuˌɑnst] role(meaty I. informal 让人深思的, 发人深省的. 有实料的. providing you with interesting information or ideas that make you think. a meaty discussion of the issues. a meaty role in a new movie. You can describe something such as a piece of writing or a part in a film as meaty if it contains a lot of interesting or important material. The short, meaty reports are those he likes best. II. informal big, and with a lot of fat or muscle. You can describe a part of someone's body as meaty if it is big and strong. He looked up and down the corridor, meaty hands resting on his thighs. I yelled, but a meaty hand clamped over my mouth. III. containing a lot of meat. Food that is meaty contains a lot of meat. ...a pleasant lasagne with a meaty sauce. nuanced [ˈnuˌɑnst] 细致的, 细微的 taking account of or including small but important differences. treated or done so as to show or display small, delicate, or subtle variations, gradations, etc., as in meaning. a nuanced argument/approach/understanding. a finely nuanced performance. ). They remained together until October 1998. By this time, Furlong was 21 and Domac was 34. Afterwards, the pair both claimed they had never had sex while he was underage. In 1999, Domac stated the actor was a "violent domestic abuser" who caused her severe emotional distress, and, in a lawsuit against him, claimed that Furlong owed her $110,000. The lawsuit also said that she was subjected to 遭受 a barrage [bəˈrɑʒ] of "verbal abuse, threats, violent outbursts and outrageous and unlawful attacks". After the breakup, the 22-year-old actor partied hard. He suffered from drug and alcohol abuse, resulting in a month in rehab in 2001. His partying 天天欢聚 ways reached a crescendo [krəˈʃendoʊ] when he was rushed to hospital after blacking out 昏倒, 晕倒. Domac later helped put him on a plane to a treatment facility, and that was likely the last time they saw each other. She has since gone on to become a blogger and educator known as Jackie Day. Now 44, Furlong has spoken openly about how his addictions affected him and those around him. "I was never a normal teenager. I had a very un-normal life. I was almost destined for [drug addiction]. In a weird way, I never really felt like I fit in," he told the Daily Mail.
gasp VS gulp VS guzzle: gasp [ɡæsp] 吸了一口气, 倒吸一口凉气, 惊呼 I. to breathe in suddenly, for example because you are surprised, shocked, or in pain. gasp at: I literally gasped at how beautiful it was. He gasped as the freezing water hit his body. II. to make a violent effort to breathe because you need more air. gasp for air/breath 大口呼吸: Laura coughed and spluttered as she gasped for air. gasp out to say something while you are breathing with difficulty, for example because you need more air, or are in pain He managed to gasp out the enemy's location before collapsing. last gasp the end of something the last gasp of economic activity in this depressed part of the country. gulp [ɡʌlp] I. gulp down transitive to swallow food or drink quickly in a way that shows you are very hungry. If you gulp something, you eat or drink it very quickly by swallowing large quantities of it at once. She quickly gulped her tea. I gulped down some coffee and left. II. intransitive to make a noise as you swallow air because you are surprised, excited, or afraid. If you gulp, you swallow air, often making a noise in your throat as you do so, because you are nervous or excited. I gulped, and then proceeded to tell her the whole story. 'I'm sorry,' he gulped. III. gulp in intransitive/transitive to quickly take in large breaths of air. If you gulp air, you breathe in a large amount of air quickly through your mouth. She gulped air into her lungs. He slumped back, gulping for air. He came up from the water, greedily gulping in air. He lay on the river bank, gulping air into his lungs. gulp for air/breath: She suffers from asthma attacks that leave her gulping for breath. gulp back to stop yourself from showing tears or an emotion Sonia sat in the corner, gulping back the tears. A gulp of air, food, or drink 一大口, is a large amount of it that you swallow at once. I took in a large gulp of air. He finished his tea in two huge gulps. guzzle [ˈɡʌz(ə)l] 大口的吃, 大口的喝 (sip) verb. I. eat or drink (something) greedily. If you guzzle something, you drink it or eat it quickly and greedily. Melissa had guzzled gin and tonics like they were lemonade. "he would guzzle his ale". II. If you say that a vehicle guzzles fuel, you mean that it uses a lot of it in a way that is wasteful and unnecessary. The plane was deafeningly noisy, guzzled fuel, and left a trail of smoke. The boom of the 1980s led to a taste for petrol-guzzling cars. ...big energy-guzzling houses. gas guzzler [US, informal] If you say that a car is a gas guzzler you mean that it uses a lot of fuel and is not cheap to run. They say gas guzzlers are contributing to air pollution. feast [fist] on something to eat a lot of good food and enjoy it very much: We feasted on smoked salmon and champagne. giggle VS gurgle VS gargle: cheeky giggle = cheeky grin (chuckle 忍俊不禁, 嬉笑). gurgle [ˈɡəːɡ(ə)l]
I. 咕咕的. 汩汩的流. 咕嘟嘟的. 咕咕叫. make a hollow bubbling sound like that made by
water running out of a bottle. (of water, especially small streams) to
flow quickly while making a low, pleasant sound: Outside of her window the stream gurgled over the rocks. "my stomach gurgled". II. 咯咯地笑. (of babies) to make a happy sound with the back of the throat: The baby lay gurgling in her cot. gargle [ˈɡɑrɡ(ə)l] 漱口 to move liquid around in the back of your mouth, in order to clean your mouth and throat. If you gargle, you wash your mouth and throat by filling your mouth with a liquid, tipping your head back and using your throat to blow bubbles through the liquid, and finally spitting it out. Try gargling with salt water as soon as a cough begins. At the sink, Neil noisily gargled something medicinal. A gargle is a liquid which is used for gargling. The mixture can be used as a gargle several times a day.
boardwalk VS causeway VS pier VS pontoon bridge VS jetty, jet bridge VS airbridge VS gangway: 1. A boardwalk 木有铺出来的湿地上的一条路 (alternatively board walk, boarded path, or promenade) is an elevated footpath, walkway, or causeway built with wooden planks that enables pedestrians to cross wet, fragile, or marshy land. They are also in effect a low type of bridge. Such timber trackways have existed since at least Neolithic times. Some wooden boardwalks have had sections replaced by concrete and even "a type of recycled plastic that looks like wood." 2. A causeway 水或湿地上土或者水泥岩石等堆砌的一条路 is a track, road or railway on the upper point of an embankment across "a low, or wet place, or piece of water". It can be constructed of earth, masonry, wood, or concrete. One of the earliest known wooden causeways is the Sweet Track in the Somerset Levels, England, which dates from the Neolithic age. Timber causeways may also be described as both boardwalks and bridges. 3. A transport corridor that is carried instead on a series of arches, perhaps approaching a bridge, is a viaduct [ˈvaɪəˌdʌkt] 拱形门之上的一条路(里约热内卢见到过的); a short stretch of viaduct is called an overpass. The distinction between the terms causeway and viaduct becomes blurred when flood-relief 泄洪 culverts 涵洞 are incorporated, though generally a causeway refers to a roadway supported mostly by earth or stone, while a bridge supports a roadway between piers (which may be embedded in embankments). Some low causeways across shore waters become inaccessible when covered at high tide. 4. A pier 栈桥 is a raised structure that rises above a body of water and usually juts out 伸出去, 吐出出去 from its shore, typically supported by piles or pillars, and provides above-water access to offshore areas. Frequent pier uses include fishing, boat docking and access for both passengers and cargo, and oceanside recreation. 5. A pontoon bridge (or ponton bridge 浮桥), also known as a floating bridge, uses floats or shallow-draft boats to support a continuous deck for pedestrian and vehicle travel. The buoyancy of the supports limits the maximum load that they can carry. Most pontoon bridges are temporary and used in wartime and civil emergencies. There are permanent pontoon bridges in civilian use that can carry highway traffic. Permanent floating bridges are useful for sheltered water crossings if it is not considered economically feasible to suspend a bridge from anchored piers. Such bridges can require a section that is elevated or can be raised or removed to allow waterborne traffic to pass. 6. airbridge 登机廊桥: I. a wooden or stone structure built in the water at the edge of a sea or lake and used by people getting on and off boats. a structure built out from the land into the water as a landing place for boats or as protection from waves. II. travel bubble: If there is an air bridge between two countries, there is an arrangement by which people can travel freely between them. a travel arrangement between two countries in which the global outbreak of a disease is under control An earmarked air bridge from Birmingham Airport to European holiday hotspots could be erected by the end of June. 7. A jet bridge 登机廊桥 (also termed jetway, jetwalk, airgate, gangway 登船桥, aerobridge/airbridge, skybridge, finger, airtube, expedited suspended passenger entry system (E-SPES), or its official industry name passenger boarding bridge (PBB)) is an enclosed, movable connector which most commonly extends from an airport terminal gate to an airplane, and in some instances from a port to a boat or ship, allowing passengers to board and disembark without going outside and being exposed to harsh weather. Depending on building design, sill heights, fueling positions, and operational requirements, a jet bridge may be fixed or movable, swinging radially, and/or extending in length. The jetway was invented by Frank Der Yuen. Similar devices are used for astronauts to enter spacecraft, which are installed in the appropriate height of the launch tower. a raised closed passage through which passengers walk from an airport building to an aircraft. 8. gangway码头上的登船桥 I. a raised platform or walkway providing a passage. II. BRITISH a passage between rows of seats, especially in a theatre or aircraft. A gangway is a narrow passage that joins the quarterdeck to the forecastle of a sailing ship. The term is also extended to mean the narrow passages used to board or disembark ships. Modern shipping uses gangways to embark and disembark passengers. Twentieth century extendible gangways used in the Overseas Passenger Terminal in Sydney, Australia are now on the State's heritage list. 9. jetty 码头 a long narrow structure that goes from the land out into a lake, ocean, or river to provide a place for boats to stop at. A jetty is a wide stone wall or wooden platform where boats stop to let people get on or off, or to load or unload goods.
TBBT: 1. Amy: You just can't handle her raw sexuality, can you? Bernadette: When did you and Leonard break up? Penny: Uh, about two years ago. Bernadette: Why do you think he asked you out again? Penny: I don't know. Amy: Maybe he's dying. That would be so romantic. Penny: He's not dying. Amy: Too bad. If he were, she could just throw him in bed and ride him right up until he flatlines 心脏停止跳动. You can make-believe, though. Sometimes Howard and I pretend that his arrhythmia [əˈrɪðmɪə] 心律不齐 is acting up and I'm a sexy cardiologist. And the naughty part is I'm not in his HMO network. 2. Amy: Sheldon told me he had a new assistant named Alex. He didn't mention that Alex was a girl. Penny: Maybe he didn't notice. Amy: You're right. I don't have to worry about Sheldon. Penny: No, you do not. Amy: It's her I have to worry about. Penny: Oh, Amy, really? She is not going to come on to Sheldon ( come on to someone 追求, 蠢蠢欲动, 春心大动 = hit on someone informal to behave towards someone in a way that shows you would like to have a sexual relationship with them. if someone comes on to another person, they make it very clear that they are sexually interested in them. The way she was coming on to Jack, I'm amazed he managed to get out alive! come on to/to something to start to deal with a new subject in a discussion. to start talking about a new subject I'll come on to this question in a few moments. We'll come on to the politics of the situation in a moment. come on strong = come on like gangbusters to seem aggressive; to impress people initially as very aggressive and assertive. She has a tendency to come on strong, but she's really a softie. The new president comes on strong at first. come on (too) strong I. 强势一点. To behave aggressively. You're going to have to come on strong to get them to take you seriously as a leader. Although she was simply trying not to come on too strong, many people found her to be wishy-washy instead. II. To flirt in an abrasive or overly forceful way. Vince has a hard time getting dates because he always comes on too strong with the ladies. III. To gain popularity. 1970s fashions seem to be coming on strong this summer. ). Amy: Oh, really? Look at this face (Sheldon's picture on phone) How can any woman spend eight hours a day alone with this face and not fall in love with it? Penny: Well, for starters, at some point, that face starts talking. 3. Sheldon: You know, I am very disappointed that I won't be able to celebrate Howard's accomplishment tonight. Amy: Me, too. But we'll see him tomorrow. Sheldon: Yes, it's just that in all the years I've known him, he's never had the opportunity to receive my admiration. I was excited to see the look on his face when it finally happened. Penny: You're unbelievable. Sheldon: I know. Leonard: All right, Pictionary. What are the teams 怎么组队? Penny: How about boys versus girls? Sheldon: Oh, that hardly seems fair. But I guess any team that I'm not on has a decided disadvantage( decided 明显的, 明确无误的, 毫无疑问的 impossible to doubt and easy to see. Decided means clear and definite. Her ignorance of the area put her at a decided disadvantage. He's a man of very decided opinions. a decided improvement on last year. ). Penny: Once again, unbelievable. Sheldon: Yeah, once again, I know. 4. Leonard: Hey, Alex, let me ask you something. My girlfriend knows this guy at school. He's got an English accent. Alex: Ooh, I love English accents. Leonard: Yeah, you all do. Anyway, I feel like he's hitting on her (come onto someone). She says he's just being nice and that I should trust her. Alex: It's probably harmless. You know how it is. I'm sure you get hit on all the time. 5. Leonard: This is silly. I have nothing to worry about. Sheldon: Oh, I don't know. I mean, statistically speaking, I'm sure you have something to worry about. Leonard: What do you mean? Sheldon: Well, if we assume your looks are average, yeah, right off the bat, fifty percent of men on Earth are more attractive than you. That's one point five billion handsome lads standing by, waiting to rain on your parade. Leonard: Well, yeah, but this isn't just about looks. I'm, I'm way above average in a lot of other things. Sheldon: Not height, vision, athleticism, or ability to digest dairy products. Leonard: I'm talking about important things like emotional maturity. Sheldon: You were just spying on your girlfriend through a peephole. Leonard: I liked it better when you thought I wasn't here.
