用法学习: 1. canonical [kə'nɒnɪkəl] I. If something has canonical status, it is accepted as having all the qualities that a thing of its kind should have. ...Ballard's status as a canonical writer. II. related to or according to a rule, principle, or law, especially in the
Christian Church: a canonical rule. The Pope indicated that he would not
consider any applications for canonical pardon. III. considered to be among the best and most important, and worth studying: The space will allow canonical works by these artists to be always on view. the canonical writers of American literature. His reworked version of the score became the canonic version. IV. 正统的, 官方的. relating to the book, TV show, film, etc. that its fans like and base their own stories, activities, etc. on: Some ideas in fandom deviate a long way from the canonical material. Canonical works are those that are considered authoritative by the fan community. A canonical URL is the URL of the best representative page from a group of duplicate pages, according to Google. For example, if you have two URLs for the same page (such as example.com? dress=1234 and example.com/dresses/1234 ), Google chooses one as canonical. 2. Penny: Oh hey, guys, where're you headed? Sheldon: To the comic book store. You're probably thinking, the comic book store? On a Thursday? Why, I've fallen down the rabbit hole and into a land of madness. What you have failed to take into account, Penny, is that this is Anything Can Happen Thursday. Penny: You got me. While you're there, could pick me up a few comics for my nephew's birthday? Sheldon: I think you mean comic books. Comics are feeble attempts 蹩脚的尝试 at humour featuring talking babies and anthropomorphized ( anthropomorphize = anthropomorphise [ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːfaɪz] 拟人化的 to attribute or ascribe human form or behaviour to (a god, animal, object, etc). to show or treat an animal, god, or object as if it is human in appearance, character, or behaviour: Problems can develop when people anthropomorphize their pets. These ancient trees have a great impact because of our tendency to anthropomorphize, seeing them as surrogates for venerable humans. ) pets found traditionally in the optimistically named funny pages. Penny: Leonard, could you pick me up a few comics for my nephew's birthday? Leonard: Sure. What does he like? Penny: I don't know, he's 13. Just pick out anything. Sheldon: Just pick out anything? Maybe at the same time we can pick out a new suit for him without knowing his size, or pick out his career for him without knowing his aptitude ( Someone's aptitude for a particular kind of work or activity is their ability to learn it quickly and to do it well. An aptitude for computing is beneficial for students taking this degree. Some students have more aptitude for academic work than others. a natural ability or skill: My son has no/little aptitude for sport. We will take your personal aptitudes and abilities into account. aptitude for sth Discovering that he had an aptitude for finance, he got a job as a commercial-credit analyst. display/have/show an aptitude 天生的才能, 天分 He has been studying for A-levels and has shown an aptitude for computer studies, art, and design.), or pick out a new breakfast cereal without knowing his fibre requirements or his feelings about little marshmallows. knack 天生的本领, 天分
a skill or an ability to do something easily and well. an ability or
special method for doing something easily and well. A knack is a
particularly clever or skilful way of doing something successfully,
especially something which most people find difficult. He's got the knack of getting people to listen. There's a knack to using this quick-drying paint. a knack for remembering faces. She has the knack of making people feel comfortable. There's a knack to using this corkscrew. have a knack of doing something informal British English to have a tendency to do something He has a knack of saying the wrong thing. Friends: Phoebe:
What if I had taken that job at Merrill Lynch? Ross: What?! Rachel:
Merrill Lynch? Phoebe: Yeah, I had a massage client who worked there
and-and he said I had a knack for stocks.
Rachel: Well why didn't you take the job? Phoebe: Because at that time
you see, I thought everything that rhymed was true. So I thought y'know
that if I'd work with stocks, I'd have to live in a box, and only eat lox ( Lox is salmon that has been smoked and is eaten raw. salmon (= a type of fish) that has been preserved with smoke: a bagel with lox and cream cheese. ), and have a pet fox. Ross: Hey, do you guys think that if all those things happened, we'd still hang out? flair (flɛə)
I. A natural talent or aptitude; a knack. If you have a flair for a
particular thing, you have a natural ability to do it well. ...a friend who has a flair for languages. a flair for interior decorating. II. Instinctive discernment; keenness: a flair for the exotica. III. Distinctive elegance or style: served us with flair 从容地, 优雅地, 不慌不忙的. If you have flair 优雅的, you do things in an original, interesting, and stylish way. Their work has all the usual punch 威力, panache [pəˈnæʃ] 娴熟, 游刃有余 and flair 优雅, 从容 you'd expect. I hear the beta crew had a good run. Everybody pulled their weight 各尽其职. 12 shills, hundred-count each. Almost 40 grand. Go out with a flair 闲庭信步似的 从容地, 优雅地, 不慌不忙的. have a flair for something to have a talent for doing something; to have a special ability in some area. Alice has quite a flair for designing. I have a flair for fixing clocks. panache [pəˈnæʃ] 娴熟, 游刃有余 an impressive way of doing something that shows great skill and confidence. The first few songs are played with typical panache. If you do something with panache, you do it in a confident, stylish, and elegant way. The BBC Symphony Orchestra played with great panache. Her panache at dealing with the world's media is quite astonishing. 2. tumble verb I. if a price or value tumbles 狂跌, it suddenly becomes much lower. If prices or levels of something are tumbling, they are decreasing rapidly. Oil
prices took a tumble yesterday. House prices have tumbled by almost 30
per cent in real terms since mid-1989. Share prices continued to tumble
today on the stock market. ...tumbling inflation. Unemployment tumbled to 5.6% in November. II. tumble or tumble down 坍塌, 轰然倒塌 if a building or other structure tumbles, it falls to the ground. It seemed that the walls had tumbled from the inside.
a. if someone tumbles, they fall to the ground (tumble 是平地上跌到, 摔倒在地, slip 滑倒, trip 绊倒, stub 撞脚指头, pinch 夹到手. fall 是从高处跌落. 跌下去. ). If someone or something
tumbles somewhere, they fall there with a rolling or bouncing movement.
A small boy tumbled off a third floor fire escape. The dog had tumbled down the cliff. He fell to the ground, and the gun tumbled out of his hand. He injured his ribs in a tumble from his horse. III. if water tumbles somewhere, a lot of it flows there. If water tumbles, it flows quickly over an uneven surface. Waterfalls crash and tumble over rocks. ...the aromatic pines and tumbling streams of the Zonba Plateau. a. used about large amounts of other things that move. Great white clouds tumbled over the mountain peaks above us.
IV. if an organization or system tumbles, it suddenly stops existing.
V. to do gymnastic movements in which you roll your body over on the
floor. VI. If you say that someone tumbles into a situation or place 跌跌撞撞的,
you mean that they get into it without being fully in control of
themselves or knowing what they are doing. [mainly British] The whole region seemed to be tumbling into crisis. They tumble into bed 安顿上床 at eight o'clock, too tired to take their clothes off. VII. Slang 忽然明白. 忽然意识到, 一下子明白. 明白过味来. To come to a sudden understanding; catch on: tumbled to the reality 跌进现实 that he had been cheated. tumble noun. I. a sudden fall in something such as a price or a value. take a tumble 狂跌, 大跌: The dollar took its biggest tumble in over two years. II. an occasion when someone falls to the ground. III. singular a large amount of long hair that hangs down. her red hair flashing in a tumble of angry waves. rough-and-tumble
the rough way in which a particular activity is usually done,
especially one in which there are no rules. You can use rough and tumble
to refer to a situation in which the people involved try hard to get
what they want, and do not worry about upsetting or harming others, and
you think this is acceptable and normal. ...the rough-and-tumble of political combat. Rough and tumble is physical playing that involves noisy and slightly violent behaviour. He enjoys rough and tumble play. rough-and-tumble of: It's all part of the rough-and-tumble of a political campaign. tumble into if you tumble into a situation, you get into it without really trying to or without knowing what you are doing. I never studied acting – I just kind of tumbled into it 偶然撞上. tumble down 轰然倒塌
I. If a building tumbles down, it collapses or parts of it fall off,
usually because it is old and no-one has taken care of it. The outer walls looked likely to tumble down in a stiff wind. If the foundations are flawed the house will come tumbling down. The scaffolding tumbled down, burying him under it. Communism came tumbling down all over Eastern Europe. II. if long hair tumbles down, it hangs down in large amounts Long dark hair tumbled down her back. tumble to I. to realize or understand something. II. if you tumble to something such as a solution, you discover it suddenly. tumble over If someone or something tumbles over, they fall, often with a rolling or bouncing movement. The man tumbled over backwards. tumble dry to dry (clothes, fabrics, etc.) by tumbling in a dryer. to dry ( laundry) in a tumble dryer. 3. vexed [ˈvɛkst] 棘手的, 伤脑筋的, 引起争议的 I. (of a problem or issue) difficult and much debated; problematic. A vexed problem or question is very difficult and causes people a lot of trouble. Ministers have begun work on the vexed issue of economic union. ...the vexed question of whether it was acceptable for players to be paid for their performances. "the relationship is becoming strained over the vexed question of money". II. annoyed, frustrated, or worried. "I'm very vexed with you!" vex verb. 伤脑筋 If someone or something vexes you, they make you feel annoyed, puzzled, and frustrated. to cause difficulty to someone, or to cause someone to feel angry, annoyed, or upset: This issue looks likely to continue to vex the government. It vexed me to think of others gossiping behind my back. Everything about her vexed him. Exporters, farmers and industrialists alike are vexed and blame the government. There remains, however, another and more vexing problem. incisive 头脑清楚的 expressing an idea or opinion in a clear and direct way that shows good understanding of what is important. expressing an idea or opinion clearly and in a persuasive manner: An incisive producer, who expressed vehement disapproval with my pitch upon my first sentence. The guide's incisive comments give us a new perspective on the painting. incisive questions/comments. You use incisive to describe a person, their thoughts, or their speech when you approve of their ability to think and express their ideas clearly, briefly, and forcefully. ...a shrewd operator with an incisive mind. She's incredibly incisive, incredibly intelligent. 4. meet your match 碰上硬茬了, 棋逢对手将遇良才, 遇到对手了 to compete unsuccessfully with someone. If you meet your match, you find that you are competing or fighting against someone who you cannot beat because they are as good as you, or better than you. to be opposed by someone as good as one is and who could defeat one She knew after the first game that she had met her match. I had finally met my match in power and intellect. meet your match in someone/something He was a good player, but he met his match in Peter. Phoebe: All right, wait just one more second. Hi, it's Phoebe and Rachel's. Please leave a message, thanks! Rachel: Now wait a minute. You just took all the words! Phoebe: Uh-huh. You've met your match Rachel Green. 6. rake noun. I. A rake is a garden tool consisting of a row of metal or wooden teeth attached to a long handle. You can use a rake to make the earth smooth and level before you put plants in, or to gather leaves together. II. [old-fashioned, disapproval] If you call a man a rake, you mean that he is rather immoral, for example because he gambles, drinks, or has many sexual relationships. a man, especially one who is rich or with a high social position, who lives in an immoral way, especially having sex with a lot of women. verb. I. If you rake a surface, you move a rake across it in order to make it smooth and level. Rake 犁地, 爬犁 the soil, press the seed into it, then cover it lightly. The beach is raked and cleaned daily. rake (over) Rake (over) the soil before planting the seeds. II. If you rake leaves or ashes, you move them somewhere using a rake or a similar tool. I watched the men rake leaves into heaps. She raked out the ashes from the boiler. rake something (up) In the autumn I rake (up) the dead leaves. III. If someone rakes an area with gunfire or with light, they cover it thoroughly by moving the gun or the light across from one side of the area to another. Planes dropped bombs and raked the beach with machine gun fire. The caravan was raked with bullets. The headlights raked across a painted sign. IV. If branches or someone's finger nails rake your skin, they scrape across it. Ragged fingernails raked her skin. He found the man's cheeks and raked them with his nails. V. If you rake through a pile of objects or rubbish, you search through it thoroughly with your hands. to search in a container by moving the contents around quickly: rake about in 翻找 He raked about in the drawer looking for his passport. rake through I've raked through the cupboard but I can't find my blue mug. Many can survive only by raking through dustbins. rake/haul sb over the coals to criticize someone severely for something they have done: Top ministers were hauled over the coals by the select committee for failing to disclose vital information in the inquiry. haul verb. I. to pull something heavy or transport something over long distances. to pull something heavy slowly and with difficulty: They hauled the boat out of the water. haul yourself up She hauled herself up into the tree. They use these trucks to haul freight! II. to take something or someone somewhere, especially by force. A person who is hauled somewhere is forced to go there: She was arrested, fingerprinted, and hauled before a judge. If you even mention my name in public, I'll haul you right into court. haul something away to take someone or something somewhere: Most of the buildings are simply flattened and hauled away to local dumps. The police hauled him off to jail right in front of his whole family. FBI agents hauled away boxes of records. haul someone off The police hauled him off to jail in front of his whole family. III. to transport something, usually by road: The roomy 宽敞的 wagon has plenty of space for hauling the sports equipment she uses as coach of her son's soccer team. The product loses its economic advantage when it must be hauled farther than 80 miles. IV. to make someone go to a person in authority to answer questions about something they have done: haul sb (up) before/in front of sb/sth The EU gave the government two months to come up with a good case or be hauled up before the European Court of Justice. noun. I. 赃物. a usually large amount of something that has been stolen or is illegal. an amount of something that was obtained illegally, esp. after it has been taken by the authorities: Police say it is the largest haul of stolen art in years. a haul of arms/drugs. II. all the things someone buys on an occasion when they go shopping: shopping haul 扫货 Check out the Ucinek family shopping haul. haul video I saw those gloves in a haul video. .III the amount of fish caught: Fishermen have been complaining of poor hauls all year. IV. a journey, often a difficult one: a long/short haul From there it was a long haul/only a short haul back to our camp. a long haul something that takes effort over a long time, rather than just a few days, weeks, etc.: The business will not recover quickly; this is the beginning of a long haul. It's been a long haul, but people appreciate what we've managed to do. You need to prepare for the long haul. be in something for the long haul = be there/here for the long haul, be around for the long haul to be involved or willing to be involved in an activity or situation for a long time, rather than just a few days, weeks, etc.: Successful investors have to be in it for the long haul. He insists he is in the relationship for the long haul. The question is whether the new manager will stick around for the long haul. Activists have become more organized and that probably means the controversy is here for the long haul. 7. pearl-clutcher (idiomatic, derogatory) A prim, prudish, or easily offended person. Someone who reacts in a scandalized or mortified manner to once-salacious but now relatively common things, events, situations, etc. Parents should try not to become pearl-clutchers every time their teenagers come out of their room dressed outrageously—it only makes them want to push the envelope even further. My mother would always be a pearl-clutcher whenever I began telling her about a new boyfriend, so eventually I stopped filling her in altogether. clutch one's pearls To react with consternation to someone or something that violates the usual norms. Etymology: From the stereotype of a woman who wears pearls and is easily offended. From the image of a genteel woman clutching her pearl necklace in shock. pearl-clutchy (idiomatic, informal, derogatory) Prim, prudish, or easily offended. pearl-clutching outrage or dramatic protest, especially from a woman, caused by something the person perceives as vulgar, in bad taste, or morally wrong but that does not elicit a similarly strong reaction from most other people: pearl-clutching over sexual jokes; so much fake pearl-clutching by the candidates. pearl-clutch To react in a scandalized or mortified manner to once-salacious but now relatively common things, events, situations, etc. Parents should try not to pearl-clutch every time their teenagers come out of their room dressed outrageously—it only makes them want to push the envelope even further. My mother would always pearl-clutch whenever I began telling her about a new boyfriend, so eventually I stopped filling her in altogether. clutch (one's)/the pearls To react in a scandalized or mortified manner to once-salacious but now relatively common things, events, situations, etc. Parents should try not to clutch the pearls every time their teenagers come out of their room dressed outrageously—it only makes them want to push the envelope even further. My mother would always clutch her pearls whenever I began telling her about a new boyfriend, so eventually I stopped filling her in altogether. You do know that Grandma is going to clutch her pearls when you show up at Thanksgiving with pink hair, right? 8. gratuitous [ɡrəˈtuɪtəs] adj
I. 不必要的, 没来由的. 没头没脑的. 无缘无故的. not called for by the circumstances. not
necessary, appropriate, or justified. unwarranted. done or shown without
any good reason. If you describe something as gratuitous, you mean that
it is unnecessary, and often harmful or upsetting. There's too much crime and gratuitous violence on TV. ...his insistence on offering gratuitous advice. They wanted me to change the title to something less gratuitously offensive. There's too much gratuitous violence in the movie. a gratuitous insult. a gratuitous assumption. a movie criticized for gratuitous violence.
Ellen comes out on TV: The writers had some requests for ABC: It had to be an hour long, and
it had to air after "sweeps week," the period when networks set
advertising rates for their series based on viewership. Episodes that
air during sweeps were known for staging publicity stunts to attract
larger-than-average ratings — Ellen's coming out couldn't come off as "gratuitous 白白浪费的, 莫名其妙的," Savel said. II. given unearned or without recompense We mistake the gratuitous blessings of Heaven for the fruits of our own industry. III. costing nothing. It was printed in France at the author's expense, for gratuitous distribution to educators and others. III. not involving a return benefit, compensation, or consideration has gratuitous permission to pass over private land. entail 使成为必要, 使成为必需, 使成为必须(entrails [ˈentrəlz] 肠子, 内脏
the organs inside the body of a person or animal, especially the
intestines. The entrails of people or animals are their inside parts,
especially their intestines.) I. involve (something) as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence. If one thing entails another, it involves it or causes it. Such a decision would entail a huge political risk. The changed outlook entails higher economic growth than was previously assumed. The job of a choreologist entails teaching the performance of dance movements. I'll never accept parole because that entails me accepting guilt. "a situation which entails considerable risks".
II. limit the inheritance of (property) over a number of generations so
that ownership remains within a particular family or group. to create a
legal condition that property can only be passed to particular people,
for example, only to an oldest son: entail sth to sb 传男不传女 Due to a restrictive clause in an ancestor's will, the property was entailed to male-line descendants. "her father's estate was entailed on a cousin". a limitation of the inheritance of property to certain heirs over a number of generations. "the
damage being done in England by entails". a property bequeathed under
an entail. "the spinning mills were not part of the entail". III. cause to experience or possess (something) permanently or inescapably. "I cannot get rid of the disgrace which you have entailed upon us". necessitate [nəˈsesɪˌteɪt] to make something necessary. If something necessitates an event, action, or situation, it makes it necessary. A prolonged drought had necessitated the introduction of water rationing. Frank was carrying out fuel-system tests which necessitated turning the booster pumps off. New laws will necessitate rethinking our retirement policy. to give rise to 引起, 引发, 导致 If something gives rise to an event or situation, it causes that event or situation to happen. Low
levels of choline in the body can give rise to high blood-pressure. The
picture gave rise to speculation that the three were still alive and
being held captive. indispensable [ˌɪndɪˈspensəb(ə)l] 必备的, 必有的, 必要的, 不可缺少的, 必不可少的, 不可或缺的
difficult or impossible to exist without or to do something without.
Something or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that
you could not manage without it, him, or her: This
book is an indispensable resource for researchers. His long experience
at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks. International cooperation is indispensable to resolving the problem of the drug trade. Barack Obama Offers Trump Advice In Inauguration Letter: 'American Leadership in This World Really is Indispensable. dispensable 可有可无的, 可替换的(expendable)
more than you need and therefore not necessary; that can be got rid of.
If someone or something is dispensable they are not really needed. All those people in the middle are dispensable. It seemed the soldiers were regarded as dispensable - their deaths just didn't matter. dispense 分发 I. If someone dispenses something that they own or control, they give or provide it to a number of people. The
Union had already dispensed £40,000 in grants. The local welfare office
is where government dispenses many of its services. I thought of myself
as a patriarch, dispensing words of wisdom to all my children. to provide something such as a service, especially officially. dispense justice 维护正义: the failure of the country's authorities to dispense justice.
II. If you obtain a product by getting it out of a machine, you can say
that the machine dispenses the product. if a machine dispenses
something such as food, drink, or money, it gives it to you. For two weeks, the cash machine was unable to dispense 吐钱 出钱 money. The lotion is dispensed by a handy pump action spray. III. When a chemist dispenses medicine 备药, he or she prepares it, and gives or sells it to the patient or customer. Some shops gave wrong or inadequate advice when dispensing homeopathic medicines. Four out of five prescriptions are dispensed free to people who are exempt. Doctors confine themselves to prescribing rather than dispensing. dispense with去除, 祛除, 取消, 去掉 If you dispense with something, you stop using it or get rid of it completely, especially because you no longer need it. Now supermarkets are dispensing with checkouts, making you scan your own groceries. to no longer use someone or something because you no longer want or need them. dispense with the formalities (=to not do things usually done in a social situation in order to do something more important immediately): I think we all know each other, so we can dispense with the formalities. dispense with someone's services (=stop employing them): We have reluctantly decided to dispense with Porter's services after a series of poor results. 9. wheezing adj. breathing with a whistling or rattling sound in the chest. When the nose is congested, it can produce some whistling sounds. This can happen during a cold or with nasal allergies. Call emergency if you have severe trouble breathing (struggling for each breath, very tight wheezing, can barely cry). "his wheezing old father". wheeze verb I. breathe with a whistling or rattling sound in the chest, as a result of obstruction in the air passages. "the illness often leaves her wheezing". II. say (something) with a wheezing sound. "he could barely wheeze out his pleas for a handout". III. walk or move slowly making a wheezing sound. "she wheezed up the hill towards them". IV. (of a device) make an irregular rattling or spluttering sound. "the engine coughed, wheezed, and shrieked into life". wheezy 呼吸不畅的 adjective I. making a high, rough noise while breathing because of some breathing difficulty: He took a few wheezy breaths. She's stopped coughing but is still a little bit wheezy. "a wheezy laugh". II. (of a machine, musical instrument, etc.) making a high, rough noise similar to that of a person who is breathing with difficulty: I was sometimes allowed to drive my dad's wheezy old car. She accompanied the singer on a wheezy harmonium. As the boy was being wheeled through the hospital doors, James told the paramedics he was "wheezy" and used his asthma puffer. He was placed in an isolation room while Hammond engaged in a handover with the nurses, which has been a subject of contention over whether the nurses were told about the wheezing symptom. 10. chirp = UK chirrup 鸟叫, 鸟鸣(bird call, bird noise) verb. I. When a bird or an insect such as a cricket or grasshopper chirps, it makes short high-pitched sounds. The crickets chirped faster and louder. The chirps of the small garden birds sounded distant. ...the chirping of birds. II. 欢快的说. You say that a person chirps when they say something in a cheerful, high-pitched voice. to say something with a high, happy voice: "Morning!" she chirped. 'See you soon, I hope!' chirped my mother. You can identify birds by their calls 鸟叫. [bend over and] grab one's ankles 撅起屁股, 屁股撅起来 To grab one's ankles is essentially to bend over and prepare for what's coming. It is a reference to getting fucked in the ass (usually in a figurative sense). Sometimes the person grabbing their ankles is at fault, and sometimes it is the result of some new organizational policy. The company just laid a bunch of people off and is requiring mandatory overtime for all salary-paid employees, so get ready to grab your ankles. fantastical 恍若梦境的, 虚幻的, 魔幻的, 不真实的 (= fantastic) strange and wonderful, like something out of a story. so strange or extreme that it does not seem to be true or reasonable: Nobody knew what to make of the fantastical claims she had made to police. Fantastical Buddhist temples and medieval castles cling to Bhutan's misty valleys. fantastic I. A fantastic amount or quantity is an extremely large one. ...fantastic amounts of money. II. You describe something as fantastic or fantastical when it seems strange and wonderful or unlikely. Unlikely and fantastic legends grew up around a great many figures, both real and fictitious. The book has many fantastical aspects. shape up or ship out INFORMAL NORTH AMERICAN used as an ultimatum to someone to improve their performance or behaviour or face being made to leave. said to mean that someone should start behaving in a more reasonable or responsible way, or else they should leave the place where they are or give up what they are doing The message to every player in the team is clear – shape up or ship out. cut a check = cut (somebody) a check 开支票 American English informal to write a check and give it to someone The company cut him a check and he cashed it. to write a check for a particular amount of money and give it to someone When the damage assessor called, he cut a check for $139. upholstered
[ʌpˈhəʊlstə] adj. Upholstered chairs and seats have a soft covering that makes them comfortable to sit on. All of their furniture was upholstered in flowery materials. Ada was a devout Catholic and a devoted wife and mother, as well as a kind and quiet woman who worked as a teacher's aide at St. Thomas the Apostle Catholic School in Elkhart, Indiana. Ed Haradine, a successful businessman in the Elkhart area, was the president of Carlton Manufacturing Inc., which specialized in upholstered furniture. (of a chair or other seat) covered with cloth and filled with a soft substance: a nicely upholstered sofa. We were lounging in beautifully upholstered armchairs. upholster verb to cover a chair or other type of seat with cloth and fill it with a soft substance. to fill a seat, chair, or sofa with a suitable material and cover it with cloth. to fit (chairs, sofas, etc) with padding, springs, webbing, and covering. wiki: Upholstery is the work of providing furniture, especially seats, with padding, springs, webbing, and fabric or leather covers. The word also refers to the materials used to upholster something. 11. pomade [pəˈmɑːd] [pəˈmeid] 发蜡, 发胶, 定型发胶 noun. a substance containing oil or wax, used to make hair shine or to give it a particular style. a perfumed oil or ointment put on the hair, as to make it smooth and shiny. verb. to apply pomade to. to dress with pomade; apply pomade to. wiki: Pomade is a greasy, waxy, or water-based substance that is used to style hair. It generally gives the user's hair a shiny, slick appearance. It lasts longer than most hair-care products, and often requires repeated washes for complete removal. The hold of pomades makes sculptured hairstyles such as the pompadour waves (hairstyle) possible.
wary (因为不相信某人或者不确定情况而保持警惕的) VS cautious (因为害怕危险而小心谨慎的, 小心翼翼的): wariness 警惕 [ˈwɛrinɪs] the quality or state of being wary. the state or quality of being wary (= not completely trusting or certain): They eyed each other with wariness and suspicion. Investor wariness was evident in the company's share price. US regarding Israel: "I think we tried to underscore our support for some of the actions that Israel has taken," he added. "We have a real wariness about an extended or substantial ground set of operations in Lebanon." wary [weəri] (因为不信任或者不了解而)保持警惕的, 警惕的是人和危险, 麻烦 If you are wary of something or someone, you are cautious because you do not know much about them and you believe they may be dangerous or cause problems. careful because you do not completely trust someone or something or are not certain about what you should do: Teachers are often wary of standardized tests. People did not teach their children to be wary of strangers. They were very wary about giving him a contract. She studied me warily, as if I might turn violent. a wary eye If you keep a wary eye on something or someone, you are cautious about them and watch them to see what they will do or what will happen to them. I'm a little wary of/about giving people my address when I don't know them very well. Bankers are keeping a wary eye on the outcome. caution (因为可能的危险和问题)加倍小心. 万分小心 noun. I. Caution is great care which you take in order to avoid possible danger. Extreme caution should be exercised when buying part-worn tyres. The Chancellor is a man of caution. proceed with caution 小心前进 We need to proceed with caution (= be careful in taking action, making decisions, etc.). exercise caution You should exercise caution when swimming in places where there are submerged rocks. treat something with caution They treated the story of his escape with (some/great/extreme) caution (= thought that it might not be true). Those keen on investing in small companies should proceed with caution. great/extreme caution The letter outlines that customers should treat any email appearing to be from their bank with great caution.
exercise/use caution Investors are urged to exercise caution to avoid the less reputable companies. advise/urge caution. II. 口头警告. a spoken warning given by a police officer or official to someone who has broken the law: As it was her first offence, she was only given a caution. III. advice or a warning: word of caution Just a word of caution - the cheaper models probably aren't worth buying. IV. (booking 黄牌警告) a punishment for breaking the rules in a football game in which the referee writes the player's name in a book and holds up a yellow card. verb. I. If someone cautions you, they warn you about problems or danger. caution someone against something/doing something The newspaper cautioned its readers against buying shares without getting good advice first. Tony cautioned against misrepresenting the situation. The statement clearly was intended to caution Seoul against attempting to block the council's action again. But experts caution that instant gratification comes at a price. There was a note of caution for the Treasury in the figures. II. If someone who has broken the law is cautioned by the police 警告, they are warned that if they break the law again official action will be taken against them. The two men were cautioned but police say they will not be charged. Liam was eventually let off with a caution. III. If someone who has been arrested is cautioned, the police warn them that anything they say may be used as evidence in a trial. Nobody was cautioned after arrest. IV. 黄牌警告 (be booked) If a football referee cautions a player, he punishes them for breaking the rules by writing their name in a book and holding up a yellow card. to throw caution to the wind If you throw caution to the wind, you behave in a way that is not considered sensible or careful. I threw caution to the wind and rode as fast as I could. to err on the side of something = to err on the side of caution If you err on the side of caution, for example, you decide to act in a cautious way, rather than take risks. They may be wise to err on the side of caution. He probably erred on the conservative rather than the generous side. sound/strike a note of caution to warn someone about something: The Committee sounded a note of caution, saying the extra money entering the economy may push up inflation. cautious 小心翼翼的, 小心谨慎的 (wary 是因为不相信别人而警惕的, 保持警惕心的) I. Someone who is cautious acts very carefully in order to avoid possible danger. The scientists are cautious about using enzyme therapy on humans. He is a very cautious man. David moved cautiously forward and looked over the edge. Cautiously, he moved himself into an upright position. II. If you describe someone's attitude or reaction as cautious, you mean that it is limited or careful. He has been seen as a champion of a more cautious approach to economic reform. Cook was cautiously optimistic that he would finally solve the problem. Rebel sources have so far reacted cautiously to the threat. cautionary 警示, 警世故事 Some saw the fatal crash as a cautionary tale about the use of cell phones while driving. booking 黄牌警告 a punishment for breaking the rules in a football game in which the referee writes the player's name in a book: When a defender gets a booking, he has to be careful not to get another and be sent off.
Modern Family: Hi! You came 你来了! Of course we did. We wanted to see you work. Oh. We're so proud of you, sweetheart. Yeah, we're all proud. So where's our table 我们坐那里? Actually, bad news. We're totally booked (full up 客满, 都订满了). We have a ton of reservations. Yeah, one's ours. I called. Here it is! Hey. Uh, so, your table is right here. Oh, honey, would you mind getting us a couple drinks? I would love an iced tea. Same, please. I'll have a mango-kiwi smoothie, yogurt instead of ice cream, and make it low-fat. I want to look good when I'm riding in your new car. Honey, I got to say, I like this haircut. Hey, we're all just playing for second in this family. Hmm. Were you all done 你吃完了吗 here? Uh, actually, no. Um, I will have more iced tea, another iced tea, and a mango-kiwi smoothie, all ice cream. I'm pregnant. Well, this is nice. Me, my gals, and my beautiful, beautiful wife. Just so you know, I rescheduled with Carla. I penciled her in for the 12th... of never. That's too bad. I was kind of looking forward to hearing about that one. Oh. By the way, no one called for you 给你打电话 while you were out. Thank you? I just want to make sure you get any messages from any friends who might call, which none of them did. Isn't it weird that Haley's the only one here not wearing a name tag? If your mother had a name tag, it would say "good driver." Phil... Here you go. I want to hear the specials. Uh, we're out of specials. What were they? Popular, which you wouldn't understand. Well, what could be better than drinks with a beautiful woman? And every beautiful woman deserves flowers. Cauliflowers. Okay. What's going on? Is this about last night? Yeah, I just want you to know how important to me you are. Sweetie, I know that. I know that. I still feel bad about, you know what I... did. Listen to me. You and I are fine. Okay? I'm just really hungry. What looks good 吃什么好呢? Oh, gosh. Oh, here's something that jumps right off the page 秀色可餐, 太诱人了. Uh-huh. I tried this yesterday, thanks to my good friend Skip Woosnum. Claire, do yourself a favor and join me in 和我点一样的 a wedge salad. You have got to be kidding me! Just try it. You will thank me. Did you learn nothing from last night? Whoa. It was about the salad? I have been recommending wedge salads to you, Amongst other things, for years, and you never listen to me. And then some idiot suggests it, and you can't wait to try a wedge salad?! It makes me feel like I don't matter. Thanks a lot, dad! Mom's little outburst just got me fired! Okay, I got to talk to your mom. You comfort your sister. She never worked here! So, Mitchell called you, too. Mm-hmm. I take it you haven't had your conversation with Gloria yet? It's getting worse. She sang all the way here. We passed two cars... the dogs stuck their heads back inside the window. Wow. What are we gonna do? I could start a fire. No. Keep that in your back pocket.
