用法学习: 1. scalp [skælp] I. the skin on the top of a person's head where hair usually grows: a dry/oily/itchy scalp 头皮. Some tribes used to collect scalps to prove how many of the enemy they had killed in battle. His hair was cut so short you could see his scalp. II. someone you defeat in a competition or election. someone you defeat: take a scalp They are expected to take some important scalps in the election. Although they are expected to take some important scalps in the election, they are unlikely to form the next government. verb. US informal (UK = tout 黄牛票, 炒票) to buy things, such as theatre tickets, at the usual prices and then sell them, when they are difficult to get, at much higher prices. to buy things, such as theatre tickets, at the usual price and then sell them when they are difficult to get at much higher prices: He made a lot of money scalping tickets for the popular musical show. Sheldon: Gentlemen, I have the solution to our Comic-Con problem. We don't need them. I'm starting my own convention. Leonard: Sheldon, just buy scalped tickets with us. Sheldon: I told you. Buying scalped tickets is against the rules. If you get caught, you get banned from Comic-Con for life. Life, Leonard. You're gonna feel pretty silly when we're 80 years old, and you have to drive me down there and then wait in the car for three days. Leonard: Do what you want. We're getting scalped tickets 黄牛票. Howard: I already found a guy online who's willing to sell. Sheldon: How do you know this isn't a sting operation set up by the Comic-Con police? be out for/after sb's scalp 打败强大对手, 打败大人物 to want to defeat or punish someone in some way, especially to make them lose their job. to want to defeat or punish someone in some way: He's made one mistake too many, and now they're out for his scalp. The other Democrats should be after his scalp. take a scalp They are expected to take some important scalps in the election. AO reporting: Dangerous and aggressive are two words that Alex de Minaur's team shared when describing his Australian Open 2025 second round opponent, Tristan Boyer. They're also fitting adjectives for the top-ranked Australian, who is confident enough in his own game to recognise a match should be on his racquet, regardless of what he learns through scouting reports. "Ultimately, it was about me bringing the best version of myself," said De Minaur, who delivered a commanding 6-2 6-4 6-3 win over the American qualifier on Thursday. De Minaur's first serve averaged 194km/h on Thursday, 11km/h faster than Boyer. "I varied from going for the big ones down the tee with some variety, with the sliders, and just felt like I was hitting my spots quite well," said De Minaur, acknowledging that a well-placed serve – even if it's not a free point (In tennis, a free point is a point that is automatically won by one player. This can happen when the server makes a double fault. An ace in tennis is a legal serve that wins a point for the server without the receiver touching the ball. Aces are often made on a player's first serve, when they can hit the ball harder and place it more riskily. A serve winner = service winner in tennis is a serve that is touched by the opponent but not returned. A serve winner that lands in the opponent's service box without being touched is called an ace. Let 网球: A serve that hits the top of the net but bounces into the correct service box. The server can take that serve again. ) – helps set up the next shot. "Too often in the past I didn't have enough power where I was really playing that next shot on my terms," he said, crediting his ability to add 10-15km/h on serve without sacrificing accuracy. Buoyed by support from a legion of fans inside Rod Laver Arena, De Minaur also showed off his trademark speed and court coverage by recording 34 sprints, almost double Boyer's 18. The Australian is aware that it might not be smooth sailing on Saturday when he takes the court against 31st seed Francisco Cerundolo for the first time. The 26-year-old, once ranked as high as 19, has earned 11 wins against top 10 players including Jannik Sinner, Zverev and Fritz. "It's going to be tough, he's a quality opponent, lots of firepower 火力十足, great forehand," admitted De Minaur. "He's taken some big scalps and hopefully I'm not the next one." "I'm looking forward to it, it's going to be a really tough one. I've got to be up for it from the very first point, bring that intensity, play some aggressive style of tennis." 2. pontificate [pɒnˈtɪfɪkeɪt] verb 自说自话, 自以为是的说 If someone pontificates about something, they state their opinions as if they are the only correct ones and nobody could possibly argue against them. to speak or write and give your opinion about something as if you knew everything about it and as if only your opinion was correct. to speak in an important manner as if only your opinion was correct: Experts get on the tube and pontificate about the economy. I think it should be illegal for non-parents to pontificate on/about parenting. Politicians like to pontificate about falling standards. pontificate [pɒnˈtɪfɪkət] noun The pontificate of a pope is the period of time during which he is pope. Pope Formosus died after a pontificate of four and a half years. (in the Roman Catholic Church) the office or period of office of a pope or bishop. the period of office of a pope (= leader of the Roman Catholic Church): The decision was made during the pontificate of Pope John XX. "Pope Gregory VIII enjoyed only a ten-week pontificate". 3. roving 没固定住址的, 四处游走的, 居无定所的, 游走江湖的 You use roving to describe a person who travels around, rather than staying in a fixed place. travelling from place to place: Left
to raise themselves on the streets, these children form roving bands of
delinquents. And now a live report from our roving reporter, Martin
Jackson. A roving band of performers will tour schools around the country to boost pupils' interest in verse. ...a roving reporter. Left to raise themselves on the streets, these children form roving bands of delinquents. have a roving eye = wandering eye 色迷迷, 总找机会寻花问柳 old-fashioned humorous
If you say that someone has a roving eye, you mean that they are always
sexually interested in people other than their partner. If you say that
someone has a roving eye, you are criticizing them for continually
looking to start new sexual relationships. By
his own admission he had a roving eye and was easily infatuated.
Although he's going out with one of the world's most beautiful women,
the actor still has a roving eye. A roving mechanic is a mobile mechanic who travels to a vehicle's location to perform repairs and maintenance. They are equipped with tools and diagnostic equipment to identify and fix issues. The focused mind 精神集中, 集中精神 (make mind focus, that would focus mind, wandering mind, wandering mind) allows people greater attention to detail and organisational abilities that drive societies functional systems and helping professions. People with a focused mind are highly conscientious (wishing to do one's work well) and empathic (an ability to understand and share the feelings of another). somebody's mind wanders 走神, 精神不集中 if your mind wanders, you no longer pay attention to something, especially because you are bored. used to say that someone has become unable to think clearly, especially because they are old I'm sorry, my mind was wandering. What did you say? Her mind was beginning to wander. My mind wanders as a fox watches me from the clifftop and a shower of meteorites zips across the sky. 4. get a jump on someone/something = get the jump on someone/something 抢先, 抢占先机 I. to get an advantage over other people by doing something before they do: The company is trying to get a jump on their competitors by putting a lot of money into research. II. to start doing something before other people start, or before something happens, in order to win an advantage for yourself: I like to leave work early on Fridays so I can get a jump on the traffic. jump the broom = jump the besom 跳扫帚: Jumping the broom (or jumping the besom) is a phrase and custom relating to a wedding ceremony in which the couple jumps over a broom. It is most widespread among African Americans and Black Canadians, popularized during the 1970s by the novel and miniseries Roots, and originated in mid-19th-century antebellum slavery in the United States. The custom is also attested ( attest 证实 To attest something or attest to something means to say, show, or prove that it is true. to show, say, or prove that something exists or is true. (of a person) to state with authority that something is true, or (of a situation or event) to show that something is likely to be true: As one who worked there for years, I can attest that applications are carefully reviewed. Her wealth was attested to by her fur coat and designer shoes. Thousands of people came out onto the streets to attest their support for the democratic opposition party. attest to The number of old German cars still on the road attests to the excellence of their manufacture. As his career attests, he is a world-class tennis player. Police records attest to his long history of violence. I can personally attest that the cold and flu season is here. His beautifully illustrated book well attested his love of the university. II. to say officially, for example by signing your name, that a document such as a will (= a document in which a person says what should be done with their money and property after they die) has been written and signed correctly: be attested The will needs to be attested by three witnesses. A notary public is an individual authorized by the state to certify documents and attest to their authenticity. Generally, the testimony of at least one attesting witness is required to probate a will. attested 检验过的, 检疫过的 (of cattle, etc) certified to be free from a disease, esp from tuberculosis. ) in Irish weddings. The expression may also derive from the custom of jumping over a besom ("broom" refers to the plant from which the household implement is made) associated with the Romanichal Travellers of the United Kingdom, especially those in Wales. 5. never say die 永不认输, 永不放弃. 永不言弃 said to encourage people to keep trying. It can also mean to push ahead or soldier on. A person with a "never say die" attitude doesn't get discouraged or give up, no matter what. It's often used to encourage someone to continue something or to remain hopeful. hearty I. Hearty people or actions 发自内心的, 真诚的 are loud, cheerful, and energetic. enthusiastic, energetic, and often loudly expressed: a hearty welcome. a hearty laugh. Wade was a hearty, bluff, athletic sort of guy. He gave a hearty laugh. He laughed heartily. II. Hearty feelings or opinions 强烈的, 发自内心的 are strongly felt or strongly held. very great: She has a hearty dislike of any sort of office work. With the last sentiment, Arnold was in hearty agreement. I heartily agree with her favourable comments on Germany and France. Most of the city's inhabitants are heartily sick of war. III. A hearty meal is large and very satisfying. large or (especially of food) in large amounts: We ate a hearty breakfast before we set off. hearty appetite 好胃口 She's got a hearty appetite (= she eats a lot). The men ate a hearty breakfast. ...a hearty soup delicately flavoured with nutmeg. I ate heartily and always cleared my plate. satisfying to the taste 可口的: a hearty vegetable soup. 6. cavalcade [kævəlkeɪd] 车队, 人队, 马队, 行列 a line of people, vehicles, horses, etc. following a particular route as part of a ceremony. A cavalcade is a procession of people on horses or in cars or carriages. ...a cavalcade of limousines and police motorcycles. primacy [praɪməsi] The primacy of something is the fact that it is the most important or most powerful thing in a particular situation. the state of being the most important thing: Satellite television, boasting 300 digital channels, was threatening the primacy of cable TV. The government insists on the primacy of citizens' rights. The political idea at the heart of this is the primacy of the individual. ...the primacy of experience over analysis. 6. Commonwealth is a term used by four of the 50 states of the United States in their full official state names: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. "Commonwealth" is a traditional English term used to describe a political community as having been founded for the common good, and shares some similarities with the Latin phrase "res publica" ('the public thing') from which ultimately is derived the word republic. The four states are all in the Eastern United States, and prior to the formation of the United States in 1776 were British colonial possessions, although Kentucky did not exist as an independent polity under British rule, instead being a part of colonial Virginia. As such, they share a strong influence of English common law in some of their laws and institutions. However, the "commonwealth" appellation ( appellation [apəˈleɪʃən] a name or title. An appellation is a name or title that a person, place, or thing is given. He earned the appellation 'rebel priest'."the city fully justifies its appellation 'the Pearl of the Orient'". II. the action of giving a name to someone or something.) has no legal or political significance, and it does not make "commonwealth" states any different from other U.S. states. Besides the four aforementioned states, other states have also on occasion used the term "commonwealth" to refer to themselves. The Commonwealth of Nations 英联邦—formerly the British Commonwealth—is a voluntary association of 56 independent sovereign states, most of which were once part of the British Empire. The Commonwealth's membership includes both republics and monarchies. The Head of the Commonwealth is King Charles III, who also reigns as monarch directly in the 15 member states known as Commonwealth realms since his accession in 2022. The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 独联体 is a loose alliance or confederation consisting of nine of the 15 former Soviet Republics, the exceptions being Turkmenistan (a CIS associate member), Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Ukraine, and Georgia. Georgia left the CIS in August 2008 following the 2008 invasion of the Russian military into South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Its creation signalled the dissolution of the Soviet Union, its purpose being to "allow a civilised divorce" between the Soviet Republics. The CIS has developed as a forum by which the member-states can co-operate in economics, defence, and foreign policy. A confederation 邦联制 (also known as a confederacy or league) is a political union of sovereign states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issues, such as defence, foreign relations, internal trade or currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all its members. Confederalism represents a main form of intergovernmentalism, defined as any form of interaction around states that takes place on the basis of sovereign independence or government. The nature of the relationship among the member states constituting a confederation varies considerably. Likewise, the relationship between the member states and the general government and their distribution of powers varies. Some looser confederations are similar to international organisations. Other confederations with stricter rules may resemble federal systems. These elements of such confederations, the international organization and federalist perspective, has been combined as supranational unions. Since the member states of a confederation retain their sovereignty, they have an implicit right of secession. Under a confederation, compared to a federal state, the central authority is relatively weak. Decisions made by the general government in a unicameral legislature, a council of the member states, require subsequent implementation by the member states to take effect; they are not laws acting directly upon the individual but have more the character of interstate agreements. Also, decision-making in the general government usually proceeds by consensus (unanimity), not by the majority. Historically, those features limit the union's effectiveness. Hence, political pressure tends to build over time for the transition to a federal system of government, as in the American, Swiss and German cases of regional integration. A federation (also called a federal state) 联邦制 is an entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a federal government (federalism). In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, is constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision, neither by the component states nor the federal political body without constitutional amendment. Sovereign power is formally divided between a central authority and a number of constituent regions so that each region retains some degree of control over its internal affairs. Overriding powers of a central authority theoretically can include: the constitutional authority to suspend a constituent state's government by invoking gross mismanagement or civil unrest 骚乱, or to adopt national legislation that overrides or infringes on the constituent states' powers by invoking the central government's constitutional authority to ensure "peace and good government" or to implement obligations contracted under an international treaty. 7. failing that 这个还不行的话, 这个还不够的话 used for saying that if something you have mentioned is not possible, there is another thing you can try. You say failing that to introduce an alternative, in case what you have just said is not possible. Find someone who will let you talk things through, or failing that, write down your thoughts. Buy her some flowers, or failing that, just send her a card. Try quitting the application you're in; failing that, restart your computer. failing grade = failing mark 不及格的分数 the number of points achieved on a test or in an examination or judgment that shows that someone or something has not been successful or did not achieve the necessary standard: They accused her of allowing students with failing grades to pass. This election will be a comment on the president's performance, and right now he's earning a failing grade. His grades 考试成绩 have been solid. D's and failing grades accounted for less than 1 percent each. Eight of every 10 students earned failing grades on the biology test. The area is visited by 2 million people a year, yet it constantly gets failing grades for water quality. More than half the states received a failing grade on monitoring pollution in rivers and lakes. a grade/mark that shows that someone did not pass a test or course of study. He received a failing grade/mark in chemistry. His boss, says Barnett, reposted by giving the inspector, who’d always received top grades in annual performance reviews, a failing mark on his 2014 card. In Australia, a failing grade is usually an F or an E. In some universities, a failing grade is a mark of 49% or less. In other universities, a failing grade is a mark of 0–49%. 8. giddy I. = dizzy 晕乎乎的. If you feel giddy, you feel unsteady and think that you are about to fall over, usually because you are not well. having a slight feeling of spinning around or being unable to balance; slightly dizzy: When she got off the roller coaster, she felt giddy and lightheaded. He felt giddy and light-headed. A wave of giddiness swept over her. II. If you feel giddy with delight or excitement, you feel so happy or excited that you find it hard to think or act normally. feeling silly, happy, and excited and showing this in your behaviour: giddy with 窃喜 She was giddy with excitement. Anthony was giddy with self-satisfaction. Being there gave me a giddy pleasure. There's almost a giddiness surrounding the talks in Houston. "Democrats are all 'giddy'" about the notion that flags will be lowered on Inauguration Day, Trump wrote Jan. 3 on social media. dizzy I. feeling as if everything is turning around, and that you are not able to balance and may fall over: Her head still hurt, and she felt slightly dizzy and disoriented. He began to get dizzy spells. Her head spins dizzily as soon as she sits up. His complaint causes dizziness and nausea. Going without sleep for a long time makes me feel dizzy and light-headed. dizzy with I felt dizzy with excitement as I went up to collect the award. II. 让人头晕目眩的 confusing and very fast: dizzy pace. In the computer industry, change comes at a dizzy pace (= very fast). Who could have predicted the dizzy pace of change in the country? III. informal A dizzy person, especially a woman, is silly. You can use dizzy to describe someone who is careless and forgets things, but is easy to like. She is famed for playing dizzy blondes. ...a charmingly dizzy great-grandmother. dizzy blonde 傻白甜的. In the film, she played the part of a dizzy blonde. the dizzy heights of something a very important position: reach the dizzy heights of 盘上高位 If you say that someone has reached the dizzy heights of something, you are emphasizing that they have reached a very high level by achieving it. I escalated to the dizzy heights of director's secretary. Do you think Tess will reach the dizzy heights of Senior Editor before she's 30? verb. If something dizzies you, it causes you to feel unsteady or confused. The sudden height dizzied her and she clung tightly. We're descending now at dizzying speed. 9. pantomime [ˈpantəmʌɪm] I. A pantomime is a funny musical play for children. Pantomimes are usually based on fairy stories and are performed at Christmas. II. Pantomime is the form of entertainment which involves producing a pantomime. What she does very well is pantomime. He is currently starring in pantomime in Weston-super-Mare. III. 默剧. Pantomime is acting something out without speaking. the art or act of expressing thoughts and emotions with movement rather than speech; mime. Chaplin feared that the art of pantomime was under threat. = mime: It's an evening of music, drama and pantomime. IV. [mainly British] 夸张. If you say that a situation or a person's behaviour is a pantomime, you mean that it is silly or exaggerated and that there is something false about it. They were made welcome with the usual pantomime of exaggerated smiles and gestures. The rights of every American to good government have been damaged by the pantomime on Capitol Hill. American pantomime villain Danielle Collins was labelled a "brat" by Jones on radio station 3AW after Collins told the crowd to kiss her backside following her second-round win over Australian Destanee Aiava. mend I. to find a solution to a problem: The new government pledged to mend the country's broken society. If you try to mend divisions between people, you try to end the disagreements or quarrels between them. He sent Evans as his personal envoy to discuss ways to mend relations between the two countries. I felt that might well mend the rift between them.II. If you mend something 修补 that is broken or not working, you repair it, so that it works properly or can be used. They took a long time to mend the roof. Somebody else lent me a pump and helped me mend the puncture. I should have had the catch mended, but never got round to it. III. If a person or a part of their body mends or is mended, they get better after they have been ill or have had an injury. You'll mend. The X-rays show that your arm will heal all right. I'm feeling a good bit better. The cut aches, but it's mending 愈合, 变好, 痊愈. He must have a major operation on his knee to mend severed ligaments. mend fences/bridges/relations 改善关系, 修补关系 (build a bridge) to try to improve a relationship with someone you have had a disagreement with. If one country tries to mend fences with another, it tries to end a disagreement or quarrel with the other country. You can also say that two countries mend fences. Washington was last night doing its best to mend fences with the Europeans, saying it understood their concerns. The two countries fought a border war a decade ago, but now they are mending fences. The industry is trying to mend fences with government, environmental groups, and the public. "He's not understood our humour, so there's a bit of a clash of cultures. But he's had a bit of a rough go here for a guy that's won the tournament 10 times, there's some crowd that really like to get at him and crowd behaviour [that's] sometimes unruly. "You layer that, layer that 一层层的, 层层叠加 and then something like this and he's not reacted well, but hopefully we can mend all these bridges and we'll start the game at love-all." layer verb If you layer something, you arrange it in layers. Layer the potatoes, asparagus and salmon in the tin. By lifting and layering her hair, Michael created a lighter frame for her face. mend your ways 变好, 变乖, 变得听话 to begin to improve your behaviour after you have been behaving badly. If someone who has been behaving badly mends their ways, they begin to behave well. He has promised drastic disciplinary action if they do not mend their ways. The outcry over third-world child exploitation has shamed some employers into mending their ways. be on the mend informal to be improving after a period of difficulty or failure. If a relationship or situation is on the mend after a difficult or unsuccessful period, it is improving. More evidence that the economy was on the mend was needed. The economy finally seems to be on the mend. 10. facsimile [fakˈsɪmɪli] 一模一样的版本 noun. an exact copy, especially of written or printed material. A facsimile of something is a copy or imitation of it. ...a facsimile of his writing desk. a facsimile of the original manuscript. ...a facsimile edition of Beethoven's musical manuscripts. "a facsimile of the manuscript". verb. make a copy of. "the ride was facsimiled for another theme park". brush noun. I. A brush is an object which has a large number of bristles or hairs fixed to it. You use brushes for painting, for cleaning things, and for tidying your hair. We gave him paint and brushes. Stains are removed with buckets of soapy water and scrubbing brushes. ...a hair brush. II. [vagueness] If you have a brush with someone, you have an argument or disagreement with them. You use brush when you want to make an argument or disagreement sound less serious than it really is. My first brush with a headmaster came six years ago. It is his third brush with the law in less than a year. III. If you have a brush with a particular situation 死里逃生, 九死一生, 擦肩而过, 险险..., usually an unpleasant one, you almost experience it. a brush with something a situation in which you experience something, or almost experience something, especially something unpleasant: have a brush with death Jim had a brush with death (= was nearly killed) on the motorway. ...the trauma of a brush with death. The corporation is fighting to survive its second brush with bankruptcy. IV. Brush is an area of rough open land covered with small bushes and trees. You also use brush to refer to the bushes and trees on this land. ...the brush fire that destroyed nearly 500 acres. ...a meadow of low brush and grass. verb. I. If you brush something or brush something such as dirt off it, you clean it or tidy it using a brush. Have you brushed your teeth? She brushed the powder out of her hair. Using a small brush, he brushed away the fine sawdust. I gave it a quick brush with my hairbrush. II. If you brush something with a liquid 刷上, you apply a layer of that liquid using a brush. Take a sheet of filo pastry and brush it with melted butter. III. If you brush something somewhere 梳理, you remove it with quick light movements of your hands. He brushed his hair back with both hands. She brushed away tears as she spoke of him. He brushed the snow off the windshield. IV. If one thing brushes against another or if you brush one thing against another 碰了一下, 擦了一下, 扫了一下, the first thing touches the second thing lightly while passing it. Something brushed against her leg. I felt her dark brown hair brushing the back of my shoulder. She knelt and brushed her lips softly across Michael's cheek. V. If you brush past someone or brush by them 擦肩, 擦身而过, you almost touch them as you go past them. My father would burst into the kitchen, brushing past my mother. He brushed by with a perfunctory wave to the crowd. broad-brush 从大处着眼, 从大处着手 A broad-brush approach, strategy, or solution deals with a problem in a general way rather than concentrating on details. describing or considering something or someone in a very general way, without paying attention to small details or differences: The analysis takes a very broad-brush approach to the question of regional inequalities. In broad brush terms, he is by far the most successful leader in our party's history. He is a details 注重细节的, 面向细节的 man, whereas his boss is broad-brush 粗线条的, 掌握大概的, 大概其的. He's giving a broad brush approach to the subject. paint (something/someone) with a broad brush (also use a broad brush) to describe or consider someone or something in a very general way, without paying attention to small details or differences: I hate to paint all young men with the same broad brush, but it's true. His narratives are lacking in subtlety; he uses a broad brush. tarred with the same brush 以偏概全 If some people in a group behave badly and if people then wrongly think that all of the group is equally bad, you can say that the whole group is tarred with the same brush. Football supporters all get tarred with the same brush when there's trouble. brush aside = brush away 置之一旁, 置之不理 If you brush aside or brush away an idea, remark, or feeling, you refuse to consider it because you think it is not important or useful, even though it may be. Perhaps you shouldn't brush the idea aside too hastily. He brushed away my views on politics. brush something away He brushed away a tear 擦去眼泪, 擦干眼泪. brush up (on) something 提高, 改进, 加强, 重拾 to improve your knowledge of something already learned but partly forgotten: I thought I'd brush up (on) my French before going to Paris.
ravage VS ravish: 0. ravings [ˈreɪ.vɪŋz] 疯言疯语, 疯话 crazy statements that have no meaning. irrational or incoherent talk. If you describe what someone says or writes as their ravings, you mean that it makes no sense because they are mad or very ill. mad, incoherent or deleterious utterances the ravings of a soul in torment. Haig and Robertson saw it as the lunatic ravings of a mad politician. "the ravings of a madwoman". The things he said are simply the ravings of a disturbed mind. the ravings of a demented man. raving 绝对的, 十足的的, 十分的 adj. complete or extreme, or completely or extremely: He must be a raving idiot/lunatic. Her last book was a raving best-seller/success. She's no raving beauty. I think you're (stark) raving mad to agree to do all that extra work without being paid for it. complete or extreme, or completely or extremely: He was raving mad near the end of his life. 1. extremity [ɪkˈstrɛmɪti] 极端 I. the furthest point or limit of something. The extremity of something is its furthest end or edge. ...a small port on the north-western extremity of the Iberian peninsula. ...the extremities of the aeroplane. "the peninsula's western extremity". II. the degree to which something is extreme. The extremity of a situation or of someone's behaviour is the degree to which it is severe, unusual, or unacceptable. In spite of the extremity of her seclusion she was sane. The region is protected by the extremities of its climate. Only in extremity, after six weeks of bombing, was he ready to leave. "the extremity of the violence concerns us". extremities 手脚 hands and feet. Your extremities are the end parts of your body, especially your hands and feet. He found that his extremities grew cold. Exercise is very important as it keeps the circulation moving and warms the extremities. The warmth spread outwards till it reached his extremities. He found that his extremities grew cold. Exercise is very important as it keeps the circulation moving and warms the extremities. 2. ravish [rævɪʃ] verb [usually passive] I. to force a woman to have sex against her wishes. To ravish someone means to rape them. Penny: Okay, it's done. Look, guys, for the future, I don't mind killing the big spiders, but you have to at least try with the little ones. Sheldon: Penny, please, we're facing a far more serious problem than stray arachnids. Leonard: Sheldon, it's not that bad. Sheldon: Not bad? It's horrible. I mean, you hear stories about this sort of thing, but you never think it'll happen to you. Leonard: So they steamed your dumplings, get over it. New topic, please. Howard: All right, Penny, let me take this opportunity to point out that you are looking particularly ravishing today. Penny: Not with a thousand condoms, Howard. She'll never know how close she came to being dragged off and ravished. Katee Sackhoff: Why am I wearing my Battlestar Galactica flight suit in bed? Howard: Why are you in bed with me? If we start to question this, it all falls apart. Katee Sackhoff: Sorry. Oh, ravish me, Howard. My loins ache for you. Howard: Okay, if you insist. I look amazing in all of these dresses! Wow. Look at your waist. Where you been hiding that thing? Bernadette, stop. Penny, you say something nice now. Boy, you know, when Sheldon sees you in that dress, he's gonna want to methodically take it off, fold it up, carefully place it in a storage box, label it, and then ravish you. Should I try on some more? Penny: Okay, now this time try drinking it all at once. Beverley: Yikes. Penny: I've been responsible for my own buzz since 2003. Another round for me and my homegirl. Beverley: I feel a spreading warmth through my extremities. Penny: As long as you don't feel it running down your pants, you're fine. Beverley: Oh, that is fascinating. I'm noticing an immediate lowering of my inhibitions. For example, I'm seriously considering asking that busboy to ravish me in the alleyway while I eat cheesecake. What do you think? II. to give great delight to; enrapture. to give great pleasure to someone: I was utterly ravished by the way she smiled. ravishing [ˈravɪʃɪŋ] 美丽异常的, 赏心悦目的 delightful; entrancing. If you describe someone or something as ravishing, you mean that they are very beautiful. She looked ravishing/She was a ravishing sight in her wedding dress. The Beaujolais hills are ravishingly pretty. She looked ravishing. ...driving through the ravishing scenery of Cumbria and Yorkshire. "she looked ravishing". delectable [dɪlektəbəl] 秀色可餐的 I. If you describe something, especially food or drink, as delectable, you mean that it is very pleasant. ...delectable desserts, cakes and puddings. II. 赏心悦目的. If you describe someone as delectable, you think that they are very attractive. He didn't seem to notice the delectable Miss Campbell. vocabulary: Something delectable is extremely delicious or appealing. Nothing tastes better at the end of a meal than an array of delectable desserts and pastries! Don't let the de- at the beginning of delectable fool you. There is nothing negative about this word. Related to delicious through the Latin word for delight, if something is delectable, it is very tasty! Maybe your mom has promised you a delectable dinner of lobster and steak for your birthday meal? vocabulary: If you are ravished by a piece of music, you are overcome with intense feeling while listening to it. The older meaning of ravish is to overcome by physical assault (especially sexual assault) and is still sometimes used. Ravish is a verb of contrasts, having two meanings that, while both dealing with emotional issues, are polar opposites — the first being to fill with joy, the second being to assault and violate a woman against her will. The history of ravish began with the negative connotation — that of seizing by violence and carrying someone, usually a woman, away. It comes from the Latin rapere, although the meaning wasn't always sexual violation — the idea of rape didn't appear until the mid-15th century. 3. ravage [rævɪdʒ] verb [usually passive] A town, country, or economy that has been ravaged is one that has been damaged so much that it is almost completely destroyed. to cause great damage to something: Hurricane Mitch ravaged the tiny Central American country. The area has been ravaged by drought/floods/war. For two decades the country has been ravaged by civil war and foreign intervention. The camerawork makes the ravaged streets of New Orleans look exquisite. ...Nicaragua's ravaged economy. Sheldon: Oh, dear. My mother warned me this is what happens to pretty boys in the big city. Penny: No, we just want information. Sheldon: Oh. Oh, I’ve got that in spades. Ravage me. Penny: We heard you read the letter from Howard's father. Sheldon: I did. Penny: What did it say? ravages noun. destructive action. They survived the ravages of disease and malnutrition. the ravages of time.
An ectomorph 肌肉型的 is a body type characterized by a lean, slim build, narrow shoulders and hips, and low body fat percentage. People with this body type are often described as "hardgainers" because they have a fast metabolism and find it difficult to gain weight and muscle. Characteristics: Body shape: Tall, slim, with long arms and legs; Bone structure: Small bones; Muscle mass: Low muscle mass percentage; Metabolism: Fast metabolism; Weight: Tends to lose weight easily. A mesomorph 瘦型的人 (slender, slim) is a body type characterized by a muscular build, high metabolism, and a natural tendency to gain and lose weight easily. People with this body type are often described as strong, solid, and athletic. Characteristics: Muscular: Mesomorphs have well-defined muscles, broad shoulders, and a narrow waist; Rectangular: Their bodies are often rectangular in shape with an upright posture. High metabolism: Mesomorphs have a fast metabolism, which allows them to gain muscle and lose fat relatively easily. Respond well to weight training: Mesomorphs often find it easier to build and maintain muscle than others. Balanced diet: Mesomorphs can benefit from a balanced diet that includes healthy fats, fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. Endomorph 肥胖型 is a body type characterized by a higher percentage of body fat, a rounder body shape, and a tendency to gain weight. People with an endomorph body type are often described as having: A wide waist and hips; Large bones; Short limbs; A large head; A slower metabolism; A higher risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and cancer.
